Agroecology - Revision history

Florez4747: /* World Hunger */

2023-07-30T03:03:13Z

World Hunger

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:03, 30 July 2023
Line 29:		Line 29:
	[[File:Hunger.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|<Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/28/why-is-global-hunger-on-the-rise-2</Ref>]]		[[File:Hunger.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|<Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/28/why-is-global-hunger-on-the-rise-2</Ref>]]

	Industrial Agriculture produces massive amounts of mono-cultured food stocks, but there are still millions of people across the globe who go hungry everyday or die from starvation. According to the 'Food Security Information Network' in 2022 258 million people across 58 countries/ territories faced high levels of acute food insecurity which was an increase from the 193 million people in 2021.<Ref>FSIN and Global Network Against Food Crises. 2023.		[[Industrial Agriculture]] produces massive amounts of mono-cultured food stocks, but there are still millions of people across the globe who go hungry everyday or die from starvation. According to the 'Food Security Information Network' in 2022 258 million people across 58 countries/ territories faced high levels of acute food insecurity which was an increase from the 193 million people in 2021.<Ref>FSIN and Global Network Against Food Crises. 2023.
	GRFC 2023. Rome.; https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC2023-hi-res.pdf</Ref> <br>		GRFC 2023. Rome.; https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC2023-hi-res.pdf</Ref> <br>

Florez4747: /* Permaculture */

2023-07-30T02:56:51Z

Permaculture

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:56, 30 July 2023
Line 65:		Line 65:
	<blockquote> A fruit tree might serve multiple purposes over its lifetime — food, shade, habitat, micro-climates for companion plants, visual barriers for privacy, contributing to soil fertility, green mulch (through dropped leaves), and wood at the end of its life.<ref>https://ixchel.love/stacking-functions-healthy-garden/</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote> A fruit tree might serve multiple purposes over its lifetime — food, shade, habitat, micro-climates for companion plants, visual barriers for privacy, contributing to soil fertility, green mulch (through dropped leaves), and wood at the end of its life.<ref>https://ixchel.love/stacking-functions-healthy-garden/</ref></blockquote>


			[[File:AuntieMushrooms.JPG\|\|thumb\|right\|Audrey Logan (Auntie) laying with some mushroom friends]]

			== Audrey Logan ==
			=== Background ===

			<blockquote> [[Audrey Logan]] is a Nehiyaw (Cree)/Métis woman from Northern Alberta, then a global traveler, now living in urban Winnipeg, Manitoba. She is a longtime community gardener and traditional foods educator, and you can find her in the garden in almost any weather, with her brightly coloured shawl and a pitchfork made of deer antlers. Food dehydration came into Audrey’s life at a time when she was suffering from extreme health issues. As a person living with permanent disabilities stemming from childhood abuse (Audrey is a 60’s Scoop survivor), as well as living on the meagre disability assistance provided by the provincial government, she had fewer resources than many do when it came to dealing with her health: <br><br>
			“I’m laying in bed at 300-some pounds thinking how am I going to make this better, when I can’t afford the food that’s going to make me better? Doctor said i can only have this and this, but i can’t afford this and this. But I think about my auntie and my kookum, and they didn’t have all the fancy materials, all the way up there in the bush, how did they do it? I’m sitting here in the middle of everywhere, food dripping from the trees. What’s my excuse?” <Ref>http://www.nmfccc.ca/uploads/4/4/1/7/44170639/dehydration_nations_zine.pdf</Ref></Blockquote>

			==== Klinic Garden ====


			Auntie formed and runs the [[Klinic Garden]] in Winnipeg in the West broad way neighborhood. The sign at the entrance of the gardens describes the site as “A Community U-Pick Permaculture Site,” and continues to explain how the garden is a community collaboration effort and a “teaching and demonstration permaculture site.” The sign also declares with Cree Syllabics: “Welcome, there is food, feed yourself.”

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747 at 02:55, 30 July 2023

2023-07-30T02:55:19Z

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 == Solutions to Hunger ==
 See: [[Food Sovereignty]] | [[Just Transition]] | Agroecology
 = Sources =

Florez4747: /* Solutions to Hunger */

2023-07-30T02:44:32Z

Solutions to Hunger

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 30 July 2023
Line 50:		Line 50:

	== Solutions to Hunger ==		== Solutions to Hunger ==
	See: [[Food Sovereignty]] \| [[Just Transition]]		See: [[Food Sovereignty]] \| [[Just Transition]] \| Agroecology

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747: /* Solutions to Hunger */

2023-07-30T02:44:09Z

Solutions to Hunger

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 30 July 2023
Line 50:		Line 50:

	== Solutions to Hunger ==		== Solutions to Hunger ==
	See: [[Food Sovereignty~~]] \| [[Agroecology~~]] \| [[Just Transition]]		See: [[Food Sovereignty]] \| [[Just Transition]]

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747: /* World Hunger */

2023-07-30T02:43:54Z

World Hunger

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:43, 30 July 2023
Line 26:		Line 26:


	= World Hunger =		= World Hunger =
			[[File:Hunger.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|<Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/28/why-is-global-hunger-on-the-rise-2</Ref>]]

			Industrial Agriculture produces massive amounts of mono-cultured food stocks, but there are still millions of people across the globe who go hungry everyday or die from starvation. According to the 'Food Security Information Network' in 2022 258 million people across 58 countries/ territories faced high levels of acute food insecurity which was an increase from the 193 million people in 2021.<Ref>FSIN and Global Network Against Food Crises. 2023.
			GRFC 2023. Rome.; https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC2023-hi-res.pdf</Ref> <br>

			Because not all countries were included in these studies the number of people who go hungry is much higher; Between 702 and 828 million people go hungry every day according to the 2022 'State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World' report published by a joint collaboration under the United Nations.<Ref>FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO.
			https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en</Ref> World hunger rose further in 2021 after the emergence of the [[COVID-19 Pandemic]]:

			<Blockquote>... After remaining relatively unchanged since 2015, the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) jumped from 8.0 to 9.3 percent from 2019 to 2020 and rose at a slower pace in 2021 to 9.8 percent. <br>

			It is estimated that between 702 and 828 million people were affected by hunger in 2021. The number has grown by about 150 million since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic – 103 million more people between 2019 and 2020 and 46 million more in 2021, considering the middle of the projected range. <br>

			The further increase in global hunger in 2021 reflects exacerbated inequalities across and within countries due to an unequal pattern of economic recovery among countries and unrecovered income losses among those most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, all in a context of diminishing social protection measures that had been implemented in 2020.<Ref>FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en</Ref></Blockquote>

			Even more people were moderately or severely food insecure in 2021 with the number reaching 2.3 billion or nearly 30 percent of the global population, which is 350 million more people than 2019 or before the [[COVID-19 Pandemic]] began.<Ref>FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022.
			Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en</Ref>


			== Gender Inequality ==
			<Blockquote>The gender gap in food insecurity – which had grown in 2020 under the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic – widened even further in 2021, driven largely by the widening differences in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as in Asia. In 2021, the gap reached 4.3 percentage points, with 31.9 percent of women in the world being moderately or severely food insecure compared to 27.6 percent of men.<Ref>FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en</Ref></Blockquote>


			== Solutions to Hunger ==
			See: [[Food Sovereignty]] \| [[Agroecology]] \| [[Just Transition]]

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747 at 23:44, 29 July 2023

2023-07-29T23:44:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:44, 29 July 2023
Line 21:		Line 21:

	= Soil Health =		= Soil Health =


			= Crop Production =


			= World Hunger =




	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747 at 23:43, 29 July 2023

2023-07-29T23:43:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:43, 29 July 2023
Line 15:		Line 15:
	= "Weeds" =		= "Weeds" =
	Weeds are typically viewed in a negative light especially in the context of [[Industrial Agriculture]]. Looking at weeds through an agroecological lens shows how there are many practical uses and benefits to letting certain types of weeds grow. One example is spontoaneous flora promoting plant diversity and belowground interactions include [[Mycelium]].<Ref>Trinchera A, Warren Raffa D. Weeds: An Insidious Enemy or a Tool to Boost Mycorrhization in Cropping Systems? Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 29;11(2):334. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020334. PMID: 36838299; PMCID: PMC9967897.</Ref>		Weeds are typically viewed in a negative light especially in the context of [[Industrial Agriculture]]. Looking at weeds through an agroecological lens shows how there are many practical uses and benefits to letting certain types of weeds grow. One example is spontoaneous flora promoting plant diversity and belowground interactions include [[Mycelium]].<Ref>Trinchera A, Warren Raffa D. Weeds: An Insidious Enemy or a Tool to Boost Mycorrhization in Cropping Systems? Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 29;11(2):334. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020334. PMID: 36838299; PMCID: PMC9967897.</Ref>


			= Agroforestry =


			= Soil Health =

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747 at 23:42, 29 July 2023

2023-07-29T23:42:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:42, 29 July 2023
Line 12:		Line 12:
	= Agroecological Service Crops =		= Agroecological Service Crops =
	Service crops are plants grown not for yield purposes, but to provide particular ecosystem services to the agrosystem. In no-till environments these crops can be utilized to prevent the spread of invasive weeds and do avoid detrimentally disturbing microorganisms in upper soil layers and mycorrhizal fungi.<Ref>Canali, S.; Diacono, M.; Campanelli, G.; Montemurro, F. Organic no-till with roller crimpers: Agro-ecosystem services and Applications in organic Mediterranean vegetable productions. Sustain. Agric. Res. 2015, 4, 70–79.</Ref><Ref>Campanelli, G.; Testani, E.; Canali, S.; Ciaccia, C.; Leteo, F.; Trinchera, A. Effects of cereals as agroecological service crops and no-till on organic melon, weeds and N. dynamics. Biol. Agric. Hort. 2019, 35, 275–287.</Ref><Ref>Navarro-Miró, D.; Blanco-Moreno, J.M.; Ciaccia, C.; Chamorro, L.; Testani, E.; Kristensen, H.L.; Hefner, M.; Tamm, K.; Bender, I.; Jakop, M.; et al. Agroecological service crops managed with roller crimper reduce weed density and weed species richness in organic vegetable systems across Europe. Agron. Sust. Dev. 2019, 39, 55.</Ref>		Service crops are plants grown not for yield purposes, but to provide particular ecosystem services to the agrosystem. In no-till environments these crops can be utilized to prevent the spread of invasive weeds and do avoid detrimentally disturbing microorganisms in upper soil layers and mycorrhizal fungi.<Ref>Canali, S.; Diacono, M.; Campanelli, G.; Montemurro, F. Organic no-till with roller crimpers: Agro-ecosystem services and Applications in organic Mediterranean vegetable productions. Sustain. Agric. Res. 2015, 4, 70–79.</Ref><Ref>Campanelli, G.; Testani, E.; Canali, S.; Ciaccia, C.; Leteo, F.; Trinchera, A. Effects of cereals as agroecological service crops and no-till on organic melon, weeds and N. dynamics. Biol. Agric. Hort. 2019, 35, 275–287.</Ref><Ref>Navarro-Miró, D.; Blanco-Moreno, J.M.; Ciaccia, C.; Chamorro, L.; Testani, E.; Kristensen, H.L.; Hefner, M.; Tamm, K.; Bender, I.; Jakop, M.; et al. Agroecological service crops managed with roller crimper reduce weed density and weed species richness in organic vegetable systems across Europe. Agron. Sust. Dev. 2019, 39, 55.</Ref>

			= "Weeds" =
			Weeds are typically viewed in a negative light especially in the context of [[Industrial Agriculture]]. Looking at weeds through an agroecological lens shows how there are many practical uses and benefits to letting certain types of weeds grow. One example is spontoaneous flora promoting plant diversity and belowground interactions include [[Mycelium]].<Ref>Trinchera A, Warren Raffa D. Weeds: An Insidious Enemy or a Tool to Boost Mycorrhization in Cropping Systems? Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 29;11(2):334. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020334. PMID: 36838299; PMCID: PMC9967897.</Ref>

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Florez4747: /* Agroecological Service Crops */

2023-07-29T22:18:33Z

Agroecological Service Crops

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:18, 29 July 2023
Line 11:		Line 11:

	= Agroecological Service Crops =		= Agroecological Service Crops =
			Service crops are plants grown not for yield purposes, but to provide particular ecosystem services to the agrosystem. In no-till environments these crops can be utilized to prevent the spread of invasive weeds and do avoid detrimentally disturbing microorganisms in upper soil layers and mycorrhizal fungi.<Ref>Canali, S.; Diacono, M.; Campanelli, G.; Montemurro, F. Organic no-till with roller crimpers: Agro-ecosystem services and Applications in organic Mediterranean vegetable productions. Sustain. Agric. Res. 2015, 4, 70–79.</Ref><Ref>Campanelli, G.; Testani, E.; Canali, S.; Ciaccia, C.; Leteo, F.; Trinchera, A. Effects of cereals as agroecological service crops and no-till on organic melon, weeds and N. dynamics. Biol. Agric. Hort. 2019, 35, 275–287.</Ref><Ref>Navarro-Miró, D.; Blanco-Moreno, J.M.; Ciaccia, C.; Chamorro, L.; Testani, E.; Kristensen, H.L.; Hefner, M.; Tamm, K.; Bender, I.; Jakop, M.; et al. Agroecological service crops managed with roller crimper reduce weed density and weed species richness in organic vegetable systems across Europe. Agron. Sust. Dev. 2019, 39, 55.</Ref>

	= Sources =		= Sources =