Alcohol - Revision history

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:20:34Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 13 July 2023
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	In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.		In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.

	According to the World Health Organization, roughly three million (3,000,000) people die every year from the consumption of ethanol~~, or about 5% of total deaths worldwide~~. This is, in part, because "alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions." Furthermore, "use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers." <ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol</ref>		According to the World Health Organization, roughly three million (3,000,000) people die every year from the consumption of ethanol. This is, in part, because "alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions." Furthermore, "use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers." <ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol</ref>

	Under [[car culture]], this danger (both to self and others) multiplies exponentially. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, "[e]very day, about 37 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes -- that's one person every 39 minutes." <ref>https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drunk-driving</ref>		Under [[car culture]], this danger (both to self and others) multiplies exponentially. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, "[e]very day, about 37 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes -- that's one person every 39 minutes." <ref>https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drunk-driving</ref>

	= Sources =		= Sources =

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:18:31Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 13 July 2023
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	Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].		Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].

	In 1826, a ~~synonym~~ for ethanol beverage first appeared ~~in English~~: "firewater...supposedly from speech of [[First Nations of Turtle Island\|American Indians]]."<ref>https://www.etymonline.com/word/firewater</ref>. Zoom in: [[firewater]].		In 1826, a new word for ethanol beverage first appeared: "firewater . . . supposedly from speech of [[First Nations of Turtle Island\|American Indians]]."<ref>https://www.etymonline.com/word/firewater</ref>. Zoom in: [[firewater]].

	In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.		In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:17:51Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, 13 July 2023
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	Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].		Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].

	In 1826, a synonym for ethanol beverage first appeared in English: "firewater...supposedly from speech of [[First Nations of Turtle Island\|American Indians]]."<ref>https://www.etymonline.com/word/firewater</ref>. Zoom in: [[~~Firewater~~]].		In 1826, a synonym for ethanol beverage first appeared in English: "firewater...supposedly from speech of [[First Nations of Turtle Island\|American Indians]]."<ref>https://www.etymonline.com/word/firewater</ref>. Zoom in: [[firewater]].

	In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.		In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:17:30Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, 13 July 2023
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	Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].		Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].

			In 1826, a synonym for ethanol beverage first appeared in English: "firewater...supposedly from speech of [[First Nations of Turtle Island\|American Indians]]."<ref>https://www.etymonline.com/word/firewater</ref>. Zoom in: [[Firewater]].

	In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.		In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:11:45Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 13 July 2023
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	===Antiseptic===		===Antiseptic===
	===Intoxicant===		===Intoxicant===
	<blockquote>''Can't buy love, so I bought liquor / sick of cures that make me sicker''<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> ~~~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"~~</blockquote>		<blockquote>''Can't buy love, so I bought liquor / sick of cures that make me sicker''~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> </blockquote>

	<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>		<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:11:25Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 13 July 2023
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	===Antiseptic===		===Antiseptic===
	===Intoxicant===		===Intoxicant===
	<blockquote>''Can't buy love, so I bought liquor		<blockquote>''Can't buy love, so I bought liquor / sick of cures that make me sicker''<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> ~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"</blockquote>
	/ sick of cures that make me sicker''<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> ~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"</blockquote>

	<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>		<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:11:09Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 13 July 2023
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	===Antiseptic===		===Antiseptic===
	===Intoxicant===		===Intoxicant===
	<blockquote>Can't buy love, so I bought liquor		<blockquote>''Can't buy love, so I bought liquor
	/ sick of cures that make me sicker<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> ~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"</blockquote>		/ sick of cures that make me sicker''<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> ~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"</blockquote>

	<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>		<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:10:52Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 13 July 2023
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	===Intoxicant===		===Intoxicant===
	<blockquote>Can't buy love, so I bought liquor		<blockquote>Can't buy love, so I bought liquor
	/ sick of cures that make me sicker<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref></blockquote> ~~~ from "Liquor" by Kara Jackson~~		/ sick of cures that make me sicker<ref>https://youtu.be/tSszl4T6v8M</ref> ~ Kara Jackson, "Liquor"</blockquote>

	<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref></blockquote> ~~~ from WikiPedia~~		<blockquote>An alcoholic beverage (also called an alcoholic drink, strong drink, adult beverage, or a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol . . . Alcohol is a depressant, which in low doses causes euphoria, reduces anxiety, and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes stupor, unconsciousness, or death.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage</ref> ~ from WikiPedia</blockquote>

	Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].		Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].

Jb: /* Intoxicant */

2023-07-13T20:09:12Z

Intoxicant

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 13 July 2023
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	Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].		Alcoholism is prevalent enough in the English-speaking world that, usually, to "have a drink" is understood to mean the consumption of [[ethanol]].

	In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in an industrial intoxicant.		In 2021, the ethanol beverage industry was valued at USD two trillion ($2,000,000,000,000). By 2029, market experts project this number to double to ''four'' trillion ('''$4,000,000,000,000''').<ref>https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/alcoholic-beverages-market-107439</ref> For reference, ethanol as industrial [[biofuel]] was pegged at USD eighty-six billion ($86,000,000,000) in 2021, expected to ''less than double'' to $135 billion by 2031.<ref>https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fuel-ethanol-market-A16349</ref> In other words, what the [[capitalism\|"free" market]] has devoted to alcohol as [[renewable energy]] is less than 5% of its investment in that same product, as an '''industrial intoxicant'''.

	According to the World Health Organization, roughly three million (3,000,000) people die every year from the consumption of ethanol, or about 5% of total deaths worldwide. This is, in part, because "alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions." Furthermore, "use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers." <ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol</ref>		According to the World Health Organization, roughly three million (3,000,000) people die every year from the consumption of ethanol, or about 5% of total deaths worldwide. This is, in part, because "alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions." Furthermore, "use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers." <ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol</ref>

Jb: /* ABE fermentation */

2023-07-13T17:52:13Z

ABE fermentation

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 13 July 2023
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	===ABE fermentation===		===ABE fermentation===

	<blockquote>The development of an '''acetone–butanol–ethanol''' (ABE) fermentation platform initially began as a response to a high demand for acetone production in the early 20th century, particularly during [[World War I]] (1914–18). Large amounts of acetone were urgently needed in England as solvent for the production of the explosive cordite (Killeffer 1927; Gabriel 1928; Jones and Woods 1986). Due to this demand, the first industrial-scale ABE fermentations utilizing the [[Chaim Weizmann\|Weizmann]] process began operation in 1916. '''This Weizmann process~~''', which utilized Clostridium acetobutylicum, '''~~was able to produce 3000 tons of acetone and 6000 tons of butanol within the next two years''' (Gabriel 1928; Jones and Woods 1986). Since then, various fermentation processes have been developed in order to satisfy the ever increasing demands of butanol and overcome the inherent process limitations including low butanol production, solvent toxicity, fermentation stability and high operation cost (Beesch 1952; Häggström 1985; Jones and Woods 1986; Maddox 1989). ''Although the prominence of ABE fermentation declined in the middle of the 20th century with rapid advances in petrochemical industry, bio-butanol production via ABE fermentation has received renewed interest as it may contribute to solving many of today's problems, including exhaustion of natural resources, climate change, environmental pollution and global warming.'' (emphasis added)<ref name = "Moon 2016">Hyeon Gi Moon, Yu-Sin Jang, Changhee Cho, Joungmin Lee, Robert Binkley, Sang Yup Lee, One hundred years of clostridial butanol fermentation, FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 363, Issue 3, February 2016, fnw001, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw001</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>The development of an '''acetone–butanol–ethanol''' (ABE) fermentation platform initially began as a response to a high demand for acetone production in the early 20th century, particularly during [[World War I]] (1914–18). Large amounts of acetone were urgently needed in England as solvent for the production of the explosive cordite (Killeffer 1927; Gabriel 1928; Jones and Woods 1986). Due to this demand, the first industrial-scale ABE fermentations utilizing the [[Chaim Weizmann\|Weizmann]] process began operation in 1916. '''This Weizmann process . . . was able to produce 3000 tons of acetone and 6000 tons of butanol within the next two years''' (Gabriel 1928; Jones and Woods 1986). Since then, various fermentation processes have been developed in order to satisfy the ever increasing demands of butanol and overcome the inherent process limitations including low butanol production, solvent toxicity, fermentation stability and high operation cost (Beesch 1952; Häggström 1985; Jones and Woods 1986; Maddox 1989). ''Although the prominence of ABE fermentation declined in the middle of the 20th century with rapid advances in petrochemical industry, bio-butanol production via ABE fermentation has received renewed interest as it may contribute to solving many of today's problems, including exhaustion of natural resources, climate change, environmental pollution and global warming.'' (emphasis added)<ref name = "Moon 2016">Hyeon Gi Moon, Yu-Sin Jang, Changhee Cho, Joungmin Lee, Robert Binkley, Sang Yup Lee, One hundred years of clostridial butanol fermentation, FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 363, Issue 3, February 2016, fnw001, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw001</ref></blockquote>

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==