Biochar - Revision history

BranchOut: Reverted edits by BranchOut (talk) to last revision by TH

2023-12-19T20:55:57Z

Reverted edits by BranchOut (talk) to last revision by TH

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:55, 19 December 2023
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	'''''How-To Guides:'''''		'''''How-To Guides:'''''

	~~{{#widget:YouTube\|id=kazEAzGWuIc}}~~

	<gallery widths="320px" heights="239px" >		<gallery widths="320px" heights="239px" >

BranchOut: /* Water Filter */

2023-12-19T20:55:41Z

Water Filter

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:55, 19 December 2023
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	'''''How-To Guides:'''''		'''''How-To Guides:'''''

			{{#widget:YouTube\|id=kazEAzGWuIc}}

	<gallery widths="320px" heights="239px" >		<gallery widths="320px" heights="239px" >

TH: /* Water Filter */

2023-12-17T03:39:48Z

Water Filter

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:39, 17 December 2023
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	File:Multi-Barrer Biochar Filter System.png\|10 page manual on building a multi-barrier water filtration system (including biochar)<ref>http://www.aqsolutions.org/images/2010/06/water-system-handbook.pdf</ref>		File:Multi-Barrer Biochar Filter System.png\|10 page manual on building a multi-barrier water filtration system (including biochar)<ref>http://www.aqsolutions.org/images/2010/06/water-system-handbook.pdf</ref>
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			Low-cost biochar water filtration systems for lead removal have been developed, tested, and effectively implemented. See [https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/engineering_batten/12/ Abstract] & [https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=engineering_batten Schematic]



	'''''Projects:'''''		'''''Projects:'''''

Jb: /* Great Plains */

2023-03-16T16:47:09Z

Great Plains

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 16 March 2023
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	Through this grasslands stewardship, Native peoples "amplified the climate signal in prairie fire patterns" correlated with wet seasons by making the most of rain-fed growth to fuel new fires.<ref>https://news.arizona.edu/story/native-bison-hunters-amplified-climate-impacts-prairie-fires</ref> This improved the biodiversity of prairie grasslands by creating greater between-patch diversity, which is especially important for small animals.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/native-americans-managed-the-prairie-for-better-bison-hunts/</ref>		Through this grasslands stewardship, Native peoples "amplified the climate signal in prairie fire patterns" correlated with wet seasons by making the most of rain-fed growth to fuel new fires.<ref>https://news.arizona.edu/story/native-bison-hunters-amplified-climate-impacts-prairie-fires</ref> This improved the biodiversity of prairie grasslands by creating greater between-patch diversity, which is especially important for small animals.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/native-americans-managed-the-prairie-for-better-bison-hunts/</ref>

	As grasses burned to cultivate new growth, the Tribes also gradually built up layers of rich charcoal residue in prairie soils with all the benefits that follow. A research collaboration between the Blackfeet Tribal Historic Preservation Office and Southern Methodist University produced unequivocal evidence of these historic practices, as "all of the charcoal layers that were dated perfectly aligned with the time that Natives used drivelines."<ref>https://www.futurity.org/native-americans-fire-bison-hunts/</ref> <ref>https://wildlife.org/native-americans-used-fire-to-hunt-bison/</ref> The results of their study showed the historical depth and indigenuity of traditional bison-hunting and controlled burning practices, with the generation of biochar serving as a lasting signature in the soil indicating when and where these practices were adopted.		As grasses burned to cultivate new growth, the Tribes also gradually built up layers of rich charcoal residue in prairie soils with all the benefits that follow. A research collaboration between the Blackfeet Tribal Historic Preservation Office and Southern Methodist University produced unequivocal evidence of these historic practices, as "all of the charcoal layers that were dated perfectly aligned with the time that Natives used drivelines."<ref>https://www.futurity.org/native-americans-fire-bison-hunts/</ref> <ref>https://wildlife.org/native-americans-used-fire-to-hunt-bison/</ref> The results of their study showed the historical depth and [[indigenuity]] of traditional bison-hunting and controlled burning practices, with the generation of biochar serving as a lasting signature in the soil indicating when and where these practices were adopted.

	=Structure=		=Structure=

Jb: /* Reactors */

2023-03-16T16:31:33Z

Reactors

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 16 March 2023
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	[[File:Nesting Cookstove (TLUD).png\|thumb\|'''> Nesting Cookstove''' ("Champion TLUD")]]		[[File:Nesting Cookstove (TLUD).png\|thumb\|'''> Nesting Cookstove''' ("Champion TLUD")]]

	The nesting cookstove is a simple way to get immediate utility from a backyard biofuel fireplace. It is technically a gasifier, given its function of ~~clean~~ burning (~~subtracting the~~ smoke ~~caused~~ by combustion), but still will reduce any feedstock into char. Thus a char machine is nested in a gas burner; so can a feedstock ecology become nested in a household economy.		The nesting cookstove is a simple way to get immediate utility from a backyard biofuel fireplace. It is technically a gasifier, given its function of burning (much cleaner than smoke made by combustion), but still will reduce any feedstock into char. Thus a char machine is nested in a gas burner; so can a feedstock ecology become nested in a household economy.

	In most cases -- but not always -- this form employs a pair of nested cylinders. Their inner chamber is the reactor core; the outer ring functions as an air channel. The heating process begins by lighting feedstocks from the top, thus producing char (which falls) and gas (which rises), while the air channel allows updrafts to sustain its flame with ~~woodgas~~. Given such design, this cookstove is technically designated as a Top-Lit Updraft (TLUD) reactor.		In most cases -- but not always -- this form employs a pair of nested cylinders. Their inner chamber is the reactor core; the outer ring functions as an air channel. The heating process begins by lighting feedstocks from the top, thus producing char (which falls) and gas (which rises), while the air channel allows updrafts to sustain its flame with biogas. Given such design, this cookstove is technically designated as a Top-Lit Updraft (TLUD) reactor.

	'''''How-To Guides:'''''		'''''How-To Guides:'''''

Jb: /* Structure */

2023-03-16T16:26:58Z

Structure

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 16 March 2023
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	=Structure=		=Structure=

	Biochar is an output of [[pyrolysis]] - the heating of organic material without exposure to oxygen. Any quantity of biomass (= organic feedstock given for pyrolytic reduction) can yield carbon in this highly compressed solid form.		Biochar is an output of [[pyrolysis]] - the heating of organic material without exposure to oxygen. Any quantity of biomass (= organic feedstock given for pyrolytic reduction) can yield carbon in this highly compressed, solid form.

	Importantly, the value of the char comes not only from what it contains, but also from what it does not (yet) contain. That is, the porous structure of its carbon content makes biochar act like a microscopic sponge.<ref>https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6613-2014</ref> Following this distinction, the two sections nested here provide further definition for "positive" vs. "negative" spaces of a biochar:		Importantly, the value of the char comes not only from what it contains, but also from what it does not (yet) contain. That is, the porous structure of its carbon content makes biochar act like a microscopic sponge.<ref>https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6613-2014</ref> Following this distinction, the two sections nested here provide further definition for "positive" vs. "negative" spaces of a biochar:

Jb: /* Structure */

2023-03-16T16:26:42Z

Structure

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 16 March 2023
Line 46:		Line 46:
	=Structure=		=Structure=

	Biochar is an output of [[pyrolysis]] - the heating of organic material without exposure to oxygen. Any quantity of biomass -- organic feedstock given for pyrolytic reduction -- can yield carbon in this highly compressed solid form.		Biochar is an output of [[pyrolysis]] - the heating of organic material without exposure to oxygen. Any quantity of biomass (= organic feedstock given for pyrolytic reduction) can yield carbon in this highly compressed solid form.

	Importantly, the value of the char comes not only from what it contains, but also from what it does not (yet) contain. That is, the porous structure of its carbon content makes biochar act like a microscopic sponge.<ref>https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6613-2014</ref> Following this distinction, the two sections nested here provide further definition for "positive" vs. "negative" spaces of a biochar:		Importantly, the value of the char comes not only from what it contains, but also from what it does not (yet) contain. That is, the porous structure of its carbon content makes biochar act like a microscopic sponge.<ref>https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6613-2014</ref> Following this distinction, the two sections nested here provide further definition for "positive" vs. "negative" spaces of a biochar:

Jb: /* Great Plains */

2023-03-16T16:24:30Z

Great Plains

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 16 March 2023
Line 42:		Line 42:
	Through this grasslands stewardship, Native peoples "amplified the climate signal in prairie fire patterns" correlated with wet seasons by making the most of rain-fed growth to fuel new fires.<ref>https://news.arizona.edu/story/native-bison-hunters-amplified-climate-impacts-prairie-fires</ref> This improved the biodiversity of prairie grasslands by creating greater between-patch diversity, which is especially important for small animals.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/native-americans-managed-the-prairie-for-better-bison-hunts/</ref>		Through this grasslands stewardship, Native peoples "amplified the climate signal in prairie fire patterns" correlated with wet seasons by making the most of rain-fed growth to fuel new fires.<ref>https://news.arizona.edu/story/native-bison-hunters-amplified-climate-impacts-prairie-fires</ref> This improved the biodiversity of prairie grasslands by creating greater between-patch diversity, which is especially important for small animals.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/native-americans-managed-the-prairie-for-better-bison-hunts/</ref>

	As grasses ~~were~~ burned to cultivate new growth, the Tribes also gradually built up layers of rich charcoal residue in prairie soils with all the benefits that follow. A research collaboration between the Blackfeet Tribal Historic Preservation Office and Southern Methodist University produced unequivocal evidence of these historic practices, as "all of the charcoal layers that were dated perfectly aligned with the time that Natives used drivelines."<ref>https://www.futurity.org/native-americans-fire-bison-hunts/</ref> <ref>https://wildlife.org/native-americans-used-fire-to-hunt-bison/</ref> The results of their study showed the historical depth and indigenuity of traditional bison-hunting and controlled burning practices, with the generation of biochar serving as a lasting signature in the soil indicating when and where these practices were adopted.		As grasses burned to cultivate new growth, the Tribes also gradually built up layers of rich charcoal residue in prairie soils with all the benefits that follow. A research collaboration between the Blackfeet Tribal Historic Preservation Office and Southern Methodist University produced unequivocal evidence of these historic practices, as "all of the charcoal layers that were dated perfectly aligned with the time that Natives used drivelines."<ref>https://www.futurity.org/native-americans-fire-bison-hunts/</ref> <ref>https://wildlife.org/native-americans-used-fire-to-hunt-bison/</ref> The results of their study showed the historical depth and indigenuity of traditional bison-hunting and controlled burning practices, with the generation of biochar serving as a lasting signature in the soil indicating when and where these practices were adopted.

	=Structure=		=Structure=

Jb: /* Supercapacitor */

2023-03-15T21:11:42Z

Supercapacitor

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:11, 15 March 2023
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	'''''Projects:'''''		'''''Projects:'''''

	==~~Supercapacitor~~==		==[[Biocharger]]==

	The fabrication of biochar-based materials with excellent electrochemical behavior as a "supercapacitor" can be sustainable and low cost.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227794</ref>		The fabrication of biochar-based materials with excellent electrochemical behavior as a "supercapacitor" can be sustainable and low cost.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227794</ref>

Jb at 21:08, 15 March 2023

2023-03-15T21:08:29Z

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Despite its enormous promise as a sort of omnibus remedy, the biochar economy suffers from insufficient support and funding. In hopes of accelerating its adoption, the [[Climate Wiki]] team has made biochar an area of primary focus as we [[Permaculture#Stacking Functions|stack functions]] into this [[knowledge commons]].
-=History=
+=Story=
 == Amazon Rainforest ==
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 As grasses were burned to cultivate new growth, the Tribes also gradually built up layers of rich charcoal residue in prairie soils with all the benefits that follow. A research collaboration between the Blackfeet Tribal Historic Preservation Office and Southern Methodist University produced unequivocal evidence of these historic practices, as "all of the charcoal layers that were dated perfectly aligned with the time that Natives used drivelines."<ref>https://www.futurity.org/native-americans-fire-bison-hunts/</ref> <ref>https://wildlife.org/native-americans-used-fire-to-hunt-bison/</ref> The results of their study showed the historical depth and indigenuity of traditional bison-hunting and controlled burning practices, with the generation of biochar serving as a lasting signature in the soil indicating when and where these practices were adopted.
-= Definition =
+=Structure=
-Biochar is an output of [[pyrolysis]] - the heating of organic material without exposure to oxyogen. Any quantity of biomass -- organic feedstock given for pyrolytic reduction -- can yield carbon in this highly compressed solid form.
+Biochar is an output of [[pyrolysis]] - the heating of organic material without exposure to oxygen. Any quantity of biomass -- organic feedstock given for pyrolytic reduction -- can yield carbon in this highly compressed solid form.
 Importantly, the value of the char comes not only from what it contains, but also from what it does not (yet) contain. That is, the porous structure of its carbon content makes biochar act like a microscopic sponge.<ref>https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6613-2014</ref> Following this distinction, the two sections nested here provide further definition for "positive" vs. "negative" spaces of a biochar:
-'''Crystals'''
+==Crystals==
 Biochar is the most stable form of organic carbon known to exist in the terrestrial environment.<ref>https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability/special_issues/Biochar_SCS</ref> This is due to the fact that it is a crystalline solid with a high degree of orderliness in its molecules. The biochar process (burning within a low-oxygen environment) results in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds that do not easily break. These bonds give biochar its stability and -- being structured like graphite rather than diamond -- its black color.<ref>https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1141850676&disposition=attachment</ref><ref>https://boingboing.net/2014/04/17/why-are-diamonds-clear-but-co.html</ref> Biochar's high stability means that it resists decomposition in soils and therefore can serve as a long-term (1000+ year) storehouse for carbon.<ref>https://richmond.ces.ncsu.edu/2021/07/biochar-2/</ref>
-'''Cavities'''
+==Cavities==
 While the stability of biochar is an important attribute, it is the porosity of biochar that gives it many of its unique properties. The pores in biochar can be classified as either micropores (<2 nm in diameter), mesopores (2-50 nm), or macropores (>50 nm).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397622000053</ref> Being highly porous, Biochar has a high surface area to volume ratio (upwards of 340 m2/g).<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02698</ref> This gives biochar a large internal surface on which various chemical and biological processes can take place. For instance, biochar's porosity allows it to act as a sponge for water and nutrients, while serving as a substrate for the growth of microorganisms.
@@ Line 159: / Line 159: @@
 *'''Decentralized Power Plants'''
 ''Designs:''
 =Application=