Compost - Revision history

TH: /* Biochar */

2023-03-08T19:29:11Z

Biochar

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 8 March 2023
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	===Biochar===		===Biochar===

	When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00733/full</ref>, microbial habitat<ref>http://ijrsset.org/pdfs/v5-i5/2.pdf</ref>, soil texture<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, nutrient retention<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, and carbon sequestration.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41953-0</ref>		When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecology\|agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00733/full</ref>, microbial habitat<ref>http://ijrsset.org/pdfs/v5-i5/2.pdf</ref>, soil texture<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, nutrient retention<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, and carbon sequestration.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41953-0</ref>

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==

TH: /* Biochar */

2023-03-08T19:28:39Z

Biochar

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 8 March 2023
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	===Biochar===		===Biochar===

	When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00733/full</ref>, microbial habitat<ref>http://ijrsset.org/pdfs/v5-i5/2.pdf</ref>~~, cation exchange capacity~~, soil texture, nutrient retention<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, and carbon sequestration.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41953-0</ref>		When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00733/full</ref>, microbial habitat<ref>http://ijrsset.org/pdfs/v5-i5/2.pdf</ref>, soil texture<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, nutrient retention<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, and carbon sequestration.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41953-0</ref>

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==

TH: /* Biochar */

2023-03-08T19:28:12Z

Biochar

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 8 March 2023
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	===Biochar===		===Biochar===

	When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention, microbial habitat, soil ~~health~~, and carbon sequestration ~~potential~~.		When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00733/full</ref>, microbial habitat<ref>http://ijrsset.org/pdfs/v5-i5/2.pdf</ref>, cation exchange capacity, soil texture, nutrient retention<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03536></ref>, and carbon sequestration.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41953-0</ref>

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==

TH: /* Biochar */

2023-03-08T19:24:32Z

Biochar

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 8 March 2023
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	===Biochar===		===Biochar===

	When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention, microbial habitat ~~and biodiversity~~, soil health, and carbon sequestration potential.		When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention, microbial habitat, soil health, and carbon sequestration potential.

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==

TH: /* Biochar */

2023-03-08T19:24:19Z

Biochar

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 8 March 2023
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	===Biochar===		===Biochar===

	When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref>		When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref> These benefits include increased water retention, microbial habitat and biodiversity, soil health, and carbon sequestration potential.

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==

TH: /* Production */

2023-03-08T19:23:32Z

Production

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:23, 8 March 2023
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	==Feedstocks==		==Feedstocks==
	GREENS + BROWNS		GREENS + BROWNS

			===Biochar===

			When [[biochar]] is added to fresh compost feedstock prior to the composting process (co-composting), multiple benefits have been shown to occur. Emissions of greenhouse gases and odor during composting should decrease, as does the time needed for the compost to mature. Further, the properties of the co-composted product are improved, making it more suitable for [[agroecological]] applications.<ref>https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp2.cahnrs.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2022/01/Biomass2Biochar-ExecutiveSummary1.1.pdf, Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value, v1.1 (January 2022), p. 14; The Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources</ref>

	==Reactors==		==Reactors==
	===Commons===		===Commons===

Jb at 17:01, 8 February 2023

2023-02-08T17:01:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 8 February 2023
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	As organic matter decomposes, it recomposes, yielding a composition known as compost. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch. Microorganisms feed on organic waste -- the compost pile -- during this process. They need carbon to generate heat, nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.<ref name = "USEPA">https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home</ref>		As organic matter decomposes, it recomposes, yielding a composition known as compost. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch. Microorganisms feed on organic waste -- the compost pile -- during this process. They need carbon to generate heat, nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.<ref name = "USEPA">https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home</ref>

	Integral to [[~~food sovereignty~~]].		Integral to [[Food Sovereignty]].
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	late 14c., compote, "mixture of stewed fruits, a preserve," from Old French composte "mixture of leaves, manure, etc., for fertilizing land" (13c.), also "condiment," from Vulgar Latin *composita, noun use of fem. of Latin compositus, past participle of componere "to put together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + ponere "to place".		late 14c., compote, "mixture of stewed fruits, a preserve," from Old French composte "mixture of leaves, manure, etc., for fertilizing land" (13c.), also "condiment," from Vulgar Latin *composita, noun use of fem. of Latin compositus, past participle of componere "to put together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + ponere "to place".

Jb at 17:00, 8 February 2023

2023-02-08T17:00:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 8 February 2023
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	As organic matter decomposes, it recomposes, yielding a composition known as compost. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch. Microorganisms feed on organic waste -- the compost pile -- during this process. They need carbon to generate heat, nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.<ref name = "USEPA">https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home</ref>		As organic matter decomposes, it recomposes, yielding a composition known as compost. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch. Microorganisms feed on organic waste -- the compost pile -- during this process. They need carbon to generate heat, nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.<ref name = "USEPA">https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home</ref>

			Integral to [[food sovereignty]].
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	late 14c., compote, "mixture of stewed fruits, a preserve," from Old French composte "mixture of leaves, manure, etc., for fertilizing land" (13c.), also "condiment," from Vulgar Latin *composita, noun use of fem. of Latin compositus, past participle of componere "to put together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + ponere "to place".		late 14c., compote, "mixture of stewed fruits, a preserve," from Old French composte "mixture of leaves, manure, etc., for fertilizing land" (13c.), also "condiment," from Vulgar Latin *composita, noun use of fem. of Latin compositus, past participle of componere "to put together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + ponere "to place".

Jb at 16:55, 8 February 2023

2023-02-08T16:55:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 8 February 2023
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	As organic matter decomposes, it recomposes, yielding a composition known as compost. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. ~~Compost production~~ is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch. Microorganisms feed on organic waste -- the compost pile -- during this process. They need carbon to generate heat, nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.<ref name = "USEPA">https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home</ref>		As organic matter decomposes, it recomposes, yielding a composition known as compost. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch. Microorganisms feed on organic waste -- the compost pile -- during this process. They need carbon to generate heat, nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.<ref name = "USEPA">https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home</ref>
	=Definition=		=Definition=
	late 14c., compote, "mixture of stewed fruits, a preserve," from Old French composte "mixture of leaves, manure, etc., for fertilizing land" (13c.), also "condiment," from Vulgar Latin *composita, noun use of fem. of Latin compositus, past participle of componere "to put together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + ponere "to place".		late 14c., compote, "mixture of stewed fruits, a preserve," from Old French composte "mixture of leaves, manure, etc., for fertilizing land" (13c.), also "condiment," from Vulgar Latin *composita, noun use of fem. of Latin compositus, past participle of componere "to put together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + ponere "to place".

Jb: /* Ag / Industry */

2023-02-07T21:31:37Z

Ag / Industry

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:31, 7 February 2023
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	===Ag / Industry===		===Ag / Industry===
	*Windrow		*Windrow
	The windrow system is the most popular example of a nonreactor, agitated solids bed system. Mixed feedstocks are placed in rows and turned periodically, usually by mechanical equipment. Height, width, and shape of the windrows vary depending on the nature of the feed material and the type of equipment used for turning. Oxygen is supplied primarily by natural ventilation resulting from the buoyancy of hot gases in the windrow, and to a lesser extent, by gas exchange during turning. In the forced aeration windrow system, oxygen transfer into the windrow is aided by forced or induced aeration from blowers. In most composting literature the term "forced" aeration is used regardless of whether aeration is forced or induced. Strictly speaking, forced aeration applies to cases where ambient air is forced into the material under positive pressure. Induced aeration applies to cases where gases are pulled from the material under negative pressure. In either case, periodic agitation by turning is used to restructure the windrow. As a result, considerable mixing can be expected along the height and width of the row, but little mixing will occur along the length.<ref name = "Haug 93"></ref>		<blockquote>The windrow system is the most popular example of a nonreactor, agitated solids bed system. Mixed feedstocks are placed in rows and turned periodically, usually by mechanical equipment. Height, width, and shape of the windrows vary depending on the nature of the feed material and the type of equipment used for turning. Oxygen is supplied primarily by natural ventilation resulting from the buoyancy of hot gases in the windrow, and to a lesser extent, by gas exchange during turning. In the forced aeration windrow system, oxygen transfer into the windrow is aided by forced or induced aeration from blowers. In most composting literature the term "forced" aeration is used regardless of whether aeration is forced or induced. Strictly speaking, forced aeration applies to cases where ambient air is forced into the material under positive pressure. Induced aeration applies to cases where gases are pulled from the material under negative pressure. In either case, periodic agitation by turning is used to restructure the windrow. As a result, considerable mixing can be expected along the height and width of the row, but little mixing will occur along the length.<ref name = "Haug 93"></ref></blockquote>

	*[[BEAM]]: Biologically Enhanced Agricultural Management		*[[BEAM]]: Biologically Enhanced Agricultural Management