Free Breakfast For Children - Revision history

TH: /* Peoples Kitchen Collective */

2023-06-24T18:41:55Z

Peoples Kitchen Collective

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:41, 24 June 2023
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	= Legacy of Free Breakfast Program =		= Legacy of Free Breakfast Program =
	== Peoples Kitchen Collective ==		== Peoples Kitchen Collective ==
	The legacy of the Black Panther Party and their survival programs, including the free breakfast program, lives on in Oakland and beyond. One organization that was inspired by the Black Panther Party's Free Breakfast program is the Peoples Kitchen Collective in West Oakland and according to their website they cook: <blockquote> a Free Breakfast each year at the Life is Living festival in West Oakland. Since 2011, we have served over 7,000 breakfasts made from donations by local food businesses and urban farms. The menu has included creamy grits, collard greens, tofu or egg scramble, and sweet potato biscuits. It is a meal made with love, by community for community, so that all of us can survive together in the face of rampant white supremacy and gentrification. This a meal to feed hope and fuel the resistance. We have looked to these resources -- foundations, archives, libraries, and bookstores, to learn about the powerful history on whose shoulders we stand. These projects and organizations are continuing the legacy of the Panthers in the Bay Area and beyond.<Ref>http://peopleskitchencollective.com/panthers-legacy</Ref></Blockquote> A former Black Panther, Billy X Jennings, who serves as an archivist was ~~apart~~ of the original Free Breakfast Program. <Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/17/black-panther-party-oakland-free-breakfast-50th-anniversary</Ref>		The legacy of the Black Panther Party and their survival programs, including the free breakfast program, lives on in Oakland and beyond. One organization that was inspired by the Black Panther Party's Free Breakfast program is the Peoples Kitchen Collective in West Oakland and according to their website they cook: <blockquote> a Free Breakfast each year at the Life is Living festival in West Oakland. Since 2011, we have served over 7,000 breakfasts made from donations by local food businesses and urban farms. The menu has included creamy grits, collard greens, tofu or egg scramble, and sweet potato biscuits. It is a meal made with love, by community for community, so that all of us can survive together in the face of rampant white supremacy and gentrification. This a meal to feed hope and fuel the resistance. We have looked to these resources -- foundations, archives, libraries, and bookstores, to learn about the powerful history on whose shoulders we stand. These projects and organizations are continuing the legacy of the Panthers in the Bay Area and beyond.<Ref>http://peopleskitchencollective.com/panthers-legacy</Ref></Blockquote> A former Black Panther, Billy X Jennings, who serves as an archivist was a part of the original Free Breakfast Program. <Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/17/black-panther-party-oakland-free-breakfast-50th-anniversary</Ref>

	== Planting Justice ==		== Planting Justice ==

TH: /* Peoples Party 2 */

2023-06-24T18:39:15Z

Peoples Party 2

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 24 June 2023
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	A mixed-race jury agreed, finding the Panther defendants not guilty on almost all charges, including the most serious ones of assault with a deadly weapon and conspiracy to murder policemen. Arafat, who had skipped bail and fled underground to Puerto Rico, returned to Los Angeles.<Ref>https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-12-08/50-years-swat-black-panthers-militarized-policinglos-angeles</Ref></Blockquote>		A mixed-race jury agreed, finding the Panther defendants not guilty on almost all charges, including the most serious ones of assault with a deadly weapon and conspiracy to murder policemen. Arafat, who had skipped bail and fled underground to Puerto Rico, returned to Los Angeles.<Ref>https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-12-08/50-years-swat-black-panthers-militarized-policinglos-angeles</Ref></Blockquote>

	== ~~Peoples Party 2~~ ==		== Houston ==
	~~See~~: [[Carl Hampton]]
			[[File:CarlHampton.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|]]
			<Blockquote>... On July 26 of [1970], [[Carl Hampton]] spoke to a crowd of about one hundred people. Although only twenty-one years old, Hampton had emerged as an important political force in the city's Black community. After a sojourn in Oakland, California, where he witnessed the Black Panther Party's efforts to "serve the people" through free breakfast programs for children and through patrols that monitored and challenged police misconduct, Hampton started the [[People's Party 2]] in Houston. He directed the group's efforts to feed and clothe poor people in the Third Ward from the party's headquarters in the 2800 block of Dowling... The material deprivation of Black people loomed large in shaping Hampton's politics. "If black people did not live in substandard housing, poor conditions, or suffer all the other unequal indignities," he declared, "there would be no [[People's Party 2]].<Ref>Ruth Thompson-Miller, How Racism Takes Place By George Lipsitz Temple University Press. 2008. 310 pages. $27.95, Social Forces, Volume 93, Issue 4, June 2015, Page 149, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot021</Ref></Blockquote>

	== New York ==		== New York ==

Florez4747: /* Party Branches */

2023-06-19T01:16:18Z

Party Branches

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:16, 19 June 2023
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	A mixed-race jury agreed, finding the Panther defendants not guilty on almost all charges, including the most serious ones of assault with a deadly weapon and conspiracy to murder policemen. Arafat, who had skipped bail and fled underground to Puerto Rico, returned to Los Angeles.<Ref>https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-12-08/50-years-swat-black-panthers-militarized-policinglos-angeles</Ref></Blockquote>		A mixed-race jury agreed, finding the Panther defendants not guilty on almost all charges, including the most serious ones of assault with a deadly weapon and conspiracy to murder policemen. Arafat, who had skipped bail and fled underground to Puerto Rico, returned to Los Angeles.<Ref>https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-12-08/50-years-swat-black-panthers-militarized-policinglos-angeles</Ref></Blockquote>

			== Peoples Party 2 ==
			See: [[Carl Hampton]]

	== New York ==		== New York ==

BranchOut: /* Food Sovereignty & Environmental Justice */

2023-06-05T23:05:35Z

Food Sovereignty & Environmental Justice

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 5 June 2023
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	that the BPP’s work to provide free health care and health information to marginalized communities was also EJ-related activism for the same reason—it was about countering the effects of racist state and institutional violence and the long-term effects of racism and environmental racism that results in higher rates of hypertension, asthma, lead poisoning, and other illnesses. Moreover, the Free Breakfast for Children Program can be firmly placed within a long history of food justice movements, a social formation that a number of scholars have argued is firmly within the realm of environmental justice (Alkon and Agyeman 2011)..<Ref>https://www.gejp.es.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.envs.d7_gejp-2/files/sitefiles/publication/PEJP%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf#page=11</Ref> </Blockquote>		that the BPP’s work to provide free health care and health information to marginalized communities was also EJ-related activism for the same reason—it was about countering the effects of racist state and institutional violence and the long-term effects of racism and environmental racism that results in higher rates of hypertension, asthma, lead poisoning, and other illnesses. Moreover, the Free Breakfast for Children Program can be firmly placed within a long history of food justice movements, a social formation that a number of scholars have argued is firmly within the realm of environmental justice (Alkon and Agyeman 2011)..<Ref>https://www.gejp.es.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.envs.d7_gejp-2/files/sitefiles/publication/PEJP%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf#page=11</Ref> </Blockquote>

	By exposing the glaring contradictions within society, where the state and corporations control who is able to acquire basic healthy food,<Ref>https://truthout.org/articles/capitalist-economies-overproduce-food-but-people-cant-afford-to-buy-it/</Ref> clean water,<Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/28/indigenous-americans-drinking-water-navajo-nation and shelter,</Ref> the Black Panther Party drew connections between capitalism, police brutality, and [[Food Sovereignty]]. These connections were apparent when the Black Panther Party established solidarity with the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref> The United Farm Workers was a union made to organize primarily Mexican American farm workers to combat Low wages, unfair hiring practices, and dangerous working conditions. In 1969 the UFW began a boycott against Safeway, the largest purchaser of California grapes behind the Department of Defense at the time, because Safeway had refused to stop purchasing grapes from farms the UFW was also striking against for unfair pay and harsh conditions. During both of these strikes the Black Panther Party published support for the strikes in their weekly party newspaper, distributed nationally and internationally. In addition to supporting the strike the paper also emphasized that Safeway had never donated to the Free Breakfast Program. <blockquote>The Black Panther Party's boycott of Safeway stores was a tremendous contribution to the UFW's boycott efforts. When the Panthers set up pickets at Safeway stores, they were an intimidating sight with their black leather jackets, berets, and dark glasses. UFW organizer Gilbert Padilla recalled that when he organized the grape boycott in the Los Angeles area, Panthers on the picket line acted as a restraint on police harassment because the Panthers "scared the hell out of them." More importantly, the party's boycott of Safeway was well organized and innovative. Bobby Seale, like many other Panthers, had served in the military, and drawing on his experience in the U.S. Air Force, Seale created a "motor pool" for party use that was employed in the Safeway boycott. In the evenings when people went shopping for groceries, party members would not only explain to them why they should be boycotting Safeway, but they also provided transportation to the Lucky's grocery stores, which had donated to the Free Breakfast for Children Program and had agreed not to sell California grapes.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref></Blockquote>		By exposing the glaring contradictions within society, where the state and corporations control who is able to acquire basic healthy food,<Ref>https://truthout.org/articles/capitalist-economies-overproduce-food-but-people-cant-afford-to-buy-it/</Ref> clean water,<Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/28/indigenous-americans-drinking-water-navajo-nation and shelter,</Ref> the Black Panther Party drew connections between capitalism, police brutality, and [[Food Sovereignty]]. These connections were apparent when the Black Panther Party established solidarity with the [[United Farm Workers]] led by [[Cesar Chavez]].<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref> The United Farm Workers was a union made to organize primarily Mexican American farm workers to combat Low wages, unfair hiring practices, and dangerous working conditions. In 1969 the UFW began a boycott against Safeway, the largest purchaser of California grapes behind the Department of Defense at the time, because Safeway had refused to stop purchasing grapes from farms the UFW was also striking against for unfair pay and harsh conditions. During both of these strikes the Black Panther Party published support for the strikes in their weekly party newspaper, distributed nationally and internationally. In addition to supporting the strike the paper also emphasized that Safeway had never donated to the Free Breakfast Program. <blockquote>The Black Panther Party's boycott of Safeway stores was a tremendous contribution to the UFW's boycott efforts. When the Panthers set up pickets at Safeway stores, they were an intimidating sight with their black leather jackets, berets, and dark glasses. UFW organizer Gilbert Padilla recalled that when he organized the grape boycott in the Los Angeles area, Panthers on the picket line acted as a restraint on police harassment because the Panthers "scared the hell out of them." More importantly, the party's boycott of Safeway was well organized and innovative. Bobby Seale, like many other Panthers, had served in the military, and drawing on his experience in the U.S. Air Force, Seale created a "motor pool" for party use that was employed in the Safeway boycott. In the evenings when people went shopping for groceries, party members would not only explain to them why they should be boycotting Safeway, but they also provided transportation to the Lucky's grocery stores, which had donated to the Free Breakfast for Children Program and had agreed not to sell California grapes.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref></Blockquote>

	The Black Panther Party's support of the UFW strike and their motor pool forced the Safeway store located at 27th and West streets in Oakland to close. Declaring solidarity with the UFW and materially supporting the strike clearly established connections between varying races in relation to [[Food Sovereignty]], fair treatment of workers, fair pay, police brutality, and capitalism. Beyond these connections this solidarity illustrated the power communities have in supporting one another independent of capitalism. <br><br>		The Black Panther Party's support of the UFW strike and their motor pool forced the Safeway store located at 27th and West streets in Oakland to close. Declaring solidarity with the UFW and materially supporting the strike clearly established connections between varying races in relation to [[Food Sovereignty]], fair treatment of workers, fair pay, police brutality, and capitalism. Beyond these connections this solidarity illustrated the power communities have in supporting one another independent of capitalism. <br><br>

TH: /* Oakland and San Francisco */

2023-05-19T17:49:27Z

Oakland and San Francisco

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:49, 19 May 2023
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	[[File:BreakfastFlyer.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|Illinois Free Breakfast Program flyer]]		[[File:BreakfastFlyer.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|Illinois Free Breakfast Program flyer]]
	== Oakland and San Francisco ==		== Oakland and San Francisco ==
	The free breakfast programs in Oakland and later San Francisco garnered support from people from various walks of life and resulted in many donations to the program and general support from moderate white people. ~~President~~ Hoover, in a memo to a San Francisco surveillance officer in 1969, stated <blockquote>One of our primary aims in counterintelligence as it concerns the [Black Panther Party] is to keep this group isolated from the moderate black and white community which may support it ... ... This is most emphatically pointed out in their Breakfast for Children Program, where they are actively soliciting and receiving support from uninformed whites and moderate blacks.<ref>https://www.eater.com/2016/2/16/11002842/free-breakfast-schools-black-panthers</ref></blockquote>		The free breakfast programs in Oakland and later San Francisco garnered support from people from various walks of life and resulted in many donations to the program and general support from moderate white people. FBI Director Hoover, in a memo to a San Francisco surveillance officer in 1969, stated <blockquote>One of our primary aims in counterintelligence as it concerns the [Black Panther Party] is to keep this group isolated from the moderate black and white community which may support it ... ... This is most emphatically pointed out in their Breakfast for Children Program, where they are actively soliciting and receiving support from uninformed whites and moderate blacks.<ref>https://www.eater.com/2016/2/16/11002842/free-breakfast-schools-black-panthers</ref></blockquote>

	== Chicago ==		== Chicago ==

Florez4747: /* Peoples Kitchen Collective */

2023-01-26T07:04:18Z

Peoples Kitchen Collective

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:04, 26 January 2023
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	= Legacy of Free Breakfast Program =		= Legacy of Free Breakfast Program =
	== Peoples Kitchen Collective ==		== Peoples Kitchen Collective ==
	The legacy of the Black Panther Party and their survival programs, including the free breakfast program, ~~continues into the present~~ in Oakland and beyond. One organization that was inspired by the Black Panther Party's Free Breakfast program is the Peoples Kitchen Collective in West Oakland and according to their website they cook: <blockquote> a Free Breakfast each year at the Life is Living festival in West Oakland. Since 2011, we have served over 7,000 breakfasts made from donations by local food businesses and urban farms. The menu has included creamy grits, collard greens, tofu or egg scramble, and sweet potato biscuits. It is a meal made with love, by community for community, so that all of us can survive together in the face of rampant white supremacy and gentrification. This a meal to feed hope and fuel the resistance. We have looked to these resources -- foundations, archives, libraries, and bookstores, to learn about the powerful history on whose shoulders we stand. These projects and organizations are continuing the legacy of the Panthers in the Bay Area and beyond.<Ref>http://peopleskitchencollective.com/panthers-legacy</Ref></Blockquote> A former Black Panther, Billy X Jennings, who serves as an archivist was apart of the original Free Breakfast Program. <Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/17/black-panther-party-oakland-free-breakfast-50th-anniversary</Ref>		The legacy of the Black Panther Party and their survival programs, including the free breakfast program, lives on in Oakland and beyond. One organization that was inspired by the Black Panther Party's Free Breakfast program is the Peoples Kitchen Collective in West Oakland and according to their website they cook: <blockquote> a Free Breakfast each year at the Life is Living festival in West Oakland. Since 2011, we have served over 7,000 breakfasts made from donations by local food businesses and urban farms. The menu has included creamy grits, collard greens, tofu or egg scramble, and sweet potato biscuits. It is a meal made with love, by community for community, so that all of us can survive together in the face of rampant white supremacy and gentrification. This a meal to feed hope and fuel the resistance. We have looked to these resources -- foundations, archives, libraries, and bookstores, to learn about the powerful history on whose shoulders we stand. These projects and organizations are continuing the legacy of the Panthers in the Bay Area and beyond.<Ref>http://peopleskitchencollective.com/panthers-legacy</Ref></Blockquote> A former Black Panther, Billy X Jennings, who serves as an archivist was apart of the original Free Breakfast Program. <Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/17/black-panther-party-oakland-free-breakfast-50th-anniversary</Ref>

	== Planting Justice ==		== Planting Justice ==

Florez4747 at 03:56, 10 January 2023

2023-01-10T03:56:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:56, 10 January 2023
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	= Party Branches =		= Party Branches =
			[[File:BreakfastFlyer.jpg\|\|thumb\|right\|Illinois Free Breakfast Program flyer]]
	== Oakland and San Francisco ==		== Oakland and San Francisco ==
	The free breakfast programs in Oakland and later San Francisco garnered support from people from various walks of life and resulted in many donations to the program and general support from moderate white people. President Hoover, in a memo to a San Francisco surveillance officer in 1969, stated <blockquote>One of our primary aims in counterintelligence as it concerns the [Black Panther Party] is to keep this group isolated from the moderate black and white community which may support it ... ... This is most emphatically pointed out in their Breakfast for Children Program, where they are actively soliciting and receiving support from uninformed whites and moderate blacks.<ref>https://www.eater.com/2016/2/16/11002842/free-breakfast-schools-black-panthers</ref></blockquote>		The free breakfast programs in Oakland and later San Francisco garnered support from people from various walks of life and resulted in many donations to the program and general support from moderate white people. President Hoover, in a memo to a San Francisco surveillance officer in 1969, stated <blockquote>One of our primary aims in counterintelligence as it concerns the [Black Panther Party] is to keep this group isolated from the moderate black and white community which may support it ... ... This is most emphatically pointed out in their Breakfast for Children Program, where they are actively soliciting and receiving support from uninformed whites and moderate blacks.<ref>https://www.eater.com/2016/2/16/11002842/free-breakfast-schools-black-panthers</ref></blockquote>

Florez4747 at 03:41, 10 January 2023

2023-01-10T03:41:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:41, 10 January 2023
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	The impact the Black Panther Party had on the Planting Justice program is evident: "The Black Panther Party’s 10 point program is a valuable tool for teaching liberation education. It not only gives students a deeper understanding of the civil rights movement, it further provides a container for participants to connect this history to their individual experience and discuss the most pressing issues in their community. Participants learn about the alliances built between the Black Panther Party and the United Farm Workers during their grape boycott and everyone gets to enjoy a fruit salad made with produce grown on local unionized organic farms."<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/black-panther-party-10-point-program/</Ref> <br><br>		The impact the Black Panther Party had on the Planting Justice program is evident: "The Black Panther Party’s 10 point program is a valuable tool for teaching liberation education. It not only gives students a deeper understanding of the civil rights movement, it further provides a container for participants to connect this history to their individual experience and discuss the most pressing issues in their community. Participants learn about the alliances built between the Black Panther Party and the United Farm Workers during their grape boycott and everyone gets to enjoy a fruit salad made with produce grown on local unionized organic farms."<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/black-panther-party-10-point-program/</Ref> <br><br>

	Furthermore, on a blog post on their website Haleh Zandi explains the importance of alliance building in the context of white supremacy and [[~~food sovereignty~~]]: <blockquote>Alliance building is, in fact, a necessary means for achieving social change towards justice and human rights, and within the food justice movement in the United States, addressing white, middle-class privilege is one of the keys to building alliances between grassroots organizations working for sovereignty over affordable, nutritious food sources. Failure to confront social and cultural differences within liberal social movements and the ways in which the community food movement reproduces white privilege undermines the efforts of social change (Slocum 2006). As evidenced above, racism is an organizing process in the industrialized and globalized food system: people of color disproportionately experience food insecurity, lose their farms, and face the dangerous work of food processing and agricultural labor. Between 1990 and 1998, the total number of young Indigenous Americans who deal with diabetes increased by 71% (Acton et al 2002), and Indigenous Americans are 2.6 times more likely than European Americans to have diabetes, which has a direct correlation with one’s diet. Likewise, African American and Latino American households experienced food insecurity at double the national average in 2003 (Weil 2004; or see Shields 1995). Indeed, the United States’ food system was built upon a foundation of genocide, slavery, and racist institutions which have dispossessed racialized groups of cultural pride, land use, and the right to a dignified livelihood through the overlapping dynamics of race, class, and gender disparities.<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/planting-justice/resources-food-justice-research-racial-equality/</Ref></Blockquote>		Furthermore, on a blog post on their website Haleh Zandi explains the importance of alliance building in the context of white supremacy and [[Food Sovereignty]]: <blockquote>Alliance building is, in fact, a necessary means for achieving social change towards justice and human rights, and within the food justice movement in the United States, addressing white, middle-class privilege is one of the keys to building alliances between grassroots organizations working for sovereignty over affordable, nutritious food sources. Failure to confront social and cultural differences within liberal social movements and the ways in which the community food movement reproduces white privilege undermines the efforts of social change (Slocum 2006). As evidenced above, racism is an organizing process in the industrialized and globalized food system: people of color disproportionately experience food insecurity, lose their farms, and face the dangerous work of food processing and agricultural labor. Between 1990 and 1998, the total number of young Indigenous Americans who deal with diabetes increased by 71% (Acton et al 2002), and Indigenous Americans are 2.6 times more likely than European Americans to have diabetes, which has a direct correlation with one’s diet. Likewise, African American and Latino American households experienced food insecurity at double the national average in 2003 (Weil 2004; or see Shields 1995). Indeed, the United States’ food system was built upon a foundation of genocide, slavery, and racist institutions which have dispossessed racialized groups of cultural pride, land use, and the right to a dignified livelihood through the overlapping dynamics of race, class, and gender disparities.<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/planting-justice/resources-food-justice-research-racial-equality/</Ref></Blockquote>

	== Food Justice Movement ==		== Food Justice Movement ==

Florez4747: /* Food Sovereignty & Environmental Justice */

2023-01-10T03:40:19Z

Food Sovereignty & Environmental Justice

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:40, 10 January 2023
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	that the BPP’s work to provide free health care and health information to marginalized communities was also EJ-related activism for the same reason—it was about countering the effects of racist state and institutional violence and the long-term effects of racism and environmental racism that results in higher rates of hypertension, asthma, lead poisoning, and other illnesses. Moreover, the Free Breakfast for Children Program can be firmly placed within a long history of food justice movements, a social formation that a number of scholars have argued is firmly within the realm of environmental justice (Alkon and Agyeman 2011)..<Ref>https://www.gejp.es.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.envs.d7_gejp-2/files/sitefiles/publication/PEJP%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf#page=11</Ref> </Blockquote>		that the BPP’s work to provide free health care and health information to marginalized communities was also EJ-related activism for the same reason—it was about countering the effects of racist state and institutional violence and the long-term effects of racism and environmental racism that results in higher rates of hypertension, asthma, lead poisoning, and other illnesses. Moreover, the Free Breakfast for Children Program can be firmly placed within a long history of food justice movements, a social formation that a number of scholars have argued is firmly within the realm of environmental justice (Alkon and Agyeman 2011)..<Ref>https://www.gejp.es.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.envs.d7_gejp-2/files/sitefiles/publication/PEJP%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf#page=11</Ref> </Blockquote>

	By exposing the glaring contradictions within society, where the state and corporations control who is able to acquire basic healthy food,<Ref>https://truthout.org/articles/capitalist-economies-overproduce-food-but-people-cant-afford-to-buy-it/</Ref> clean water,<Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/28/indigenous-americans-drinking-water-navajo-nation and shelter,</Ref> the Black Panther Party drew connections between capitalism, police brutality, and [[~~food sovereignty~~]]. These connections were apparent when the Black Panther Party established solidarity with the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref> The United Farm Workers was a union made to organize primarily Mexican American farm workers to combat Low wages, unfair hiring practices, and dangerous working conditions. In 1969 the UFW began a boycott against Safeway, the largest purchaser of California grapes behind the Department of Defense at the time, because Safeway had refused to stop purchasing grapes from farms the UFW was also striking against for unfair pay and harsh conditions. During both of these strikes the Black Panther Party published support for the strikes in their weekly party newspaper, distributed nationally and internationally. In addition to supporting the strike the paper also emphasized that Safeway had never donated to the Free Breakfast Program. <blockquote>The Black Panther Party's boycott of Safeway stores was a tremendous contribution to the UFW's boycott efforts. When the Panthers set up pickets at Safeway stores, they were an intimidating sight with their black leather jackets, berets, and dark glasses. UFW organizer Gilbert Padilla recalled that when he organized the grape boycott in the Los Angeles area, Panthers on the picket line acted as a restraint on police harassment because the Panthers "scared the hell out of them." More importantly, the party's boycott of Safeway was well organized and innovative. Bobby Seale, like many other Panthers, had served in the military, and drawing on his experience in the U.S. Air Force, Seale created a "motor pool" for party use that was employed in the Safeway boycott. In the evenings when people went shopping for groceries, party members would not only explain to them why they should be boycotting Safeway, but they also provided transportation to the Lucky's grocery stores, which had donated to the Free Breakfast for Children Program and had agreed not to sell California grapes.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref></Blockquote>		By exposing the glaring contradictions within society, where the state and corporations control who is able to acquire basic healthy food,<Ref>https://truthout.org/articles/capitalist-economies-overproduce-food-but-people-cant-afford-to-buy-it/</Ref> clean water,<Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/28/indigenous-americans-drinking-water-navajo-nation and shelter,</Ref> the Black Panther Party drew connections between capitalism, police brutality, and [[Food Sovereignty]]. These connections were apparent when the Black Panther Party established solidarity with the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref> The United Farm Workers was a union made to organize primarily Mexican American farm workers to combat Low wages, unfair hiring practices, and dangerous working conditions. In 1969 the UFW began a boycott against Safeway, the largest purchaser of California grapes behind the Department of Defense at the time, because Safeway had refused to stop purchasing grapes from farms the UFW was also striking against for unfair pay and harsh conditions. During both of these strikes the Black Panther Party published support for the strikes in their weekly party newspaper, distributed nationally and internationally. In addition to supporting the strike the paper also emphasized that Safeway had never donated to the Free Breakfast Program. <blockquote>The Black Panther Party's boycott of Safeway stores was a tremendous contribution to the UFW's boycott efforts. When the Panthers set up pickets at Safeway stores, they were an intimidating sight with their black leather jackets, berets, and dark glasses. UFW organizer Gilbert Padilla recalled that when he organized the grape boycott in the Los Angeles area, Panthers on the picket line acted as a restraint on police harassment because the Panthers "scared the hell out of them." More importantly, the party's boycott of Safeway was well organized and innovative. Bobby Seale, like many other Panthers, had served in the military, and drawing on his experience in the U.S. Air Force, Seale created a "motor pool" for party use that was employed in the Safeway boycott. In the evenings when people went shopping for groceries, party members would not only explain to them why they should be boycotting Safeway, but they also provided transportation to the Lucky's grocery stores, which had donated to the Free Breakfast for Children Program and had agreed not to sell California grapes.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref></Blockquote>

	The Black Panther Party's support of the UFW strike and their motor pool forced the Safeway store located at 27th and West streets in Oakland to close. Declaring solidarity with the UFW and materially supporting the strike clearly established connections between varying races in relation to [[~~food sovereignty~~]], fair treatment of workers, fair pay, police brutality, and capitalism. Beyond these connections this solidarity illustrated the power communities have in supporting one another independent of capitalism. <br><br>		The Black Panther Party's support of the UFW strike and their motor pool forced the Safeway store located at 27th and West streets in Oakland to close. Declaring solidarity with the UFW and materially supporting the strike clearly established connections between varying races in relation to [[Food Sovereignty]], fair treatment of workers, fair pay, police brutality, and capitalism. Beyond these connections this solidarity illustrated the power communities have in supporting one another independent of capitalism. <br><br>

	Through the pursuit of [[~~food sovereignty~~]] and the party's ten point platform a clear connection can be made to environmental justice through the right to healthy food and clean drinking water. Minority communities are far more likely<Ref>https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/racial-ethnic-minorities-low-income-groups-u-s-air-pollution/</Ref> to be exposed to environmental harms across the so called united states and across the world; Environmental harms caused by capitalism and its inherent environment destroying extraction and pollution. [[Food ~~sovereignty~~]] and environmental justice both require the right to self-determination free from capitalist exploitation and environmental destruction.<Ref>https://therednation.org/revolutionary-socialism-is-the-primary-political-ideology-of-the-red-nation-2/</Ref>		Through the pursuit of [[Food Sovereignty]] and the party's ten point platform a clear connection can be made to environmental justice through the right to healthy food and clean drinking water. Minority communities are far more likely<Ref>https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/racial-ethnic-minorities-low-income-groups-u-s-air-pollution/</Ref> to be exposed to environmental harms across the so called united states and across the world; Environmental harms caused by capitalism and its inherent environment destroying extraction and pollution. [[Food Sovereignty]] and environmental justice both require the right to self-determination free from capitalist exploitation and environmental destruction.<Ref>https://therednation.org/revolutionary-socialism-is-the-primary-political-ideology-of-the-red-nation-2/</Ref>

	= Party Branches =		= Party Branches =

Florez4747 at 03:38, 10 January 2023

2023-01-10T03:38:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 10 January 2023
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	that the BPP’s work to provide free health care and health information to marginalized communities was also EJ-related activism for the same reason—it was about countering the effects of racist state and institutional violence and the long-term effects of racism and environmental racism that results in higher rates of hypertension, asthma, lead poisoning, and other illnesses. Moreover, the Free Breakfast for Children Program can be firmly placed within a long history of food justice movements, a social formation that a number of scholars have argued is firmly within the realm of environmental justice (Alkon and Agyeman 2011)..<Ref>https://www.gejp.es.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.envs.d7_gejp-2/files/sitefiles/publication/PEJP%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf#page=11</Ref> </Blockquote>		that the BPP’s work to provide free health care and health information to marginalized communities was also EJ-related activism for the same reason—it was about countering the effects of racist state and institutional violence and the long-term effects of racism and environmental racism that results in higher rates of hypertension, asthma, lead poisoning, and other illnesses. Moreover, the Free Breakfast for Children Program can be firmly placed within a long history of food justice movements, a social formation that a number of scholars have argued is firmly within the realm of environmental justice (Alkon and Agyeman 2011)..<Ref>https://www.gejp.es.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.envs.d7_gejp-2/files/sitefiles/publication/PEJP%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf#page=11</Ref> </Blockquote>

	By exposing the glaring contradictions within society, where the state and corporations control who is able to acquire basic healthy food,<Ref>https://truthout.org/articles/capitalist-economies-overproduce-food-but-people-cant-afford-to-buy-it/</Ref> clean water,<Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/28/indigenous-americans-drinking-water-navajo-nation and shelter,</Ref> the Black Panther Party drew connections between capitalism, police brutality, and food sovereignty. These connections were apparent when the Black Panther Party established solidarity with the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref> The United Farm Workers was a union made to organize primarily Mexican American farm workers to combat Low wages, unfair hiring practices, and dangerous working conditions. In 1969 the UFW began a boycott against Safeway, the largest purchaser of California grapes behind the Department of Defense at the time, because Safeway had refused to stop purchasing grapes from farms the UFW was also striking against for unfair pay and harsh conditions. During both of these strikes the Black Panther Party published support for the strikes in their weekly party newspaper, distributed nationally and internationally. In addition to supporting the strike the paper also emphasized that Safeway had never donated to the Free Breakfast Program. <blockquote>The Black Panther Party's boycott of Safeway stores was a tremendous contribution to the UFW's boycott efforts. When the Panthers set up pickets at Safeway stores, they were an intimidating sight with their black leather jackets, berets, and dark glasses. UFW organizer Gilbert Padilla recalled that when he organized the grape boycott in the Los Angeles area, Panthers on the picket line acted as a restraint on police harassment because the Panthers "scared the hell out of them." More importantly, the party's boycott of Safeway was well organized and innovative. Bobby Seale, like many other Panthers, had served in the military, and drawing on his experience in the U.S. Air Force, Seale created a "motor pool" for party use that was employed in the Safeway boycott. In the evenings when people went shopping for groceries, party members would not only explain to them why they should be boycotting Safeway, but they also provided transportation to the Lucky's grocery stores, which had donated to the Free Breakfast for Children Program and had agreed not to sell California grapes.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref></Blockquote>		By exposing the glaring contradictions within society, where the state and corporations control who is able to acquire basic healthy food,<Ref>https://truthout.org/articles/capitalist-economies-overproduce-food-but-people-cant-afford-to-buy-it/</Ref> clean water,<Ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/28/indigenous-americans-drinking-water-navajo-nation and shelter,</Ref> the Black Panther Party drew connections between capitalism, police brutality, and [[food sovereignty]]. These connections were apparent when the Black Panther Party established solidarity with the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref> The United Farm Workers was a union made to organize primarily Mexican American farm workers to combat Low wages, unfair hiring practices, and dangerous working conditions. In 1969 the UFW began a boycott against Safeway, the largest purchaser of California grapes behind the Department of Defense at the time, because Safeway had refused to stop purchasing grapes from farms the UFW was also striking against for unfair pay and harsh conditions. During both of these strikes the Black Panther Party published support for the strikes in their weekly party newspaper, distributed nationally and internationally. In addition to supporting the strike the paper also emphasized that Safeway had never donated to the Free Breakfast Program. <blockquote>The Black Panther Party's boycott of Safeway stores was a tremendous contribution to the UFW's boycott efforts. When the Panthers set up pickets at Safeway stores, they were an intimidating sight with their black leather jackets, berets, and dark glasses. UFW organizer Gilbert Padilla recalled that when he organized the grape boycott in the Los Angeles area, Panthers on the picket line acted as a restraint on police harassment because the Panthers "scared the hell out of them." More importantly, the party's boycott of Safeway was well organized and innovative. Bobby Seale, like many other Panthers, had served in the military, and drawing on his experience in the U.S. Air Force, Seale created a "motor pool" for party use that was employed in the Safeway boycott. In the evenings when people went shopping for groceries, party members would not only explain to them why they should be boycotting Safeway, but they also provided transportation to the Lucky's grocery stores, which had donated to the Free Breakfast for Children Program and had agreed not to sell California grapes.<Ref>Araiza, Lauren. “‘In Common Struggle against a Common Oppression’: The United Farm Workers and the Black Panther Party, 1968-1973.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 2, 2009, pp. 200–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25610076. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.</Ref></Blockquote>

	The Black Panther Party's support of the UFW strike and their motor pool forced the Safeway store located at 27th and West streets in Oakland to close. Declaring solidarity with the UFW and materially supporting the strike clearly established connections between varying races in relation to food sovereignty, fair treatment of workers, fair pay, police brutality, and capitalism. Beyond these connections this solidarity illustrated the power communities have in supporting one another independent of capitalism. <br><br>		The Black Panther Party's support of the UFW strike and their motor pool forced the Safeway store located at 27th and West streets in Oakland to close. Declaring solidarity with the UFW and materially supporting the strike clearly established connections between varying races in relation to [[food sovereignty]], fair treatment of workers, fair pay, police brutality, and capitalism. Beyond these connections this solidarity illustrated the power communities have in supporting one another independent of capitalism. <br><br>

	Through the pursuit of food sovereignty and the party's ten point platform a clear connection can be made to environmental justice through the right to healthy food and clean drinking water. Minority communities are far more likely<Ref>https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/racial-ethnic-minorities-low-income-groups-u-s-air-pollution/</Ref> to be exposed to environmental harms across the so called united states and across the world; Environmental harms caused by capitalism and its inherent environment destroying extraction and pollution. Food sovereignty and environmental justice both require the right to self-determination free from capitalist exploitation and environmental destruction.<Ref>https://therednation.org/revolutionary-socialism-is-the-primary-political-ideology-of-the-red-nation-2/</Ref>		Through the pursuit of [[food sovereignty]] and the party's ten point platform a clear connection can be made to environmental justice through the right to healthy food and clean drinking water. Minority communities are far more likely<Ref>https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/racial-ethnic-minorities-low-income-groups-u-s-air-pollution/</Ref> to be exposed to environmental harms across the so called united states and across the world; Environmental harms caused by capitalism and its inherent environment destroying extraction and pollution. [[Food sovereignty]] and environmental justice both require the right to self-determination free from capitalist exploitation and environmental destruction.<Ref>https://therednation.org/revolutionary-socialism-is-the-primary-political-ideology-of-the-red-nation-2/</Ref>

	= Party Branches =		= Party Branches =
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	== Planting Justice ==		== Planting Justice ==
	According to their website: "Since 2009 Planting Justice has built over 550 edible permaculture gardens in the San Francisco Bay Area, worked with five high-schools to develop food justice curricula and created over 40 green jobs in the food justice movement for people transitioning from prison." Their tenets include: Food Sovereignty, Economic Justice, and Community Healing.<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/about/</Ref> <br><br>		According to their website: "Since 2009 Planting Justice has built over 550 edible permaculture gardens in the San Francisco Bay Area, worked with five high-schools to develop food justice curricula and created over 40 green jobs in the food justice movement for people transitioning from prison." Their tenets include: [[Food Sovereignty]], Economic Justice, and Community Healing.<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/about/</Ref> <br><br>

	The impact the Black Panther Party had on the Planting Justice program is evident: "The Black Panther Party’s 10 point program is a valuable tool for teaching liberation education. It not only gives students a deeper understanding of the civil rights movement, it further provides a container for participants to connect this history to their individual experience and discuss the most pressing issues in their community. Participants learn about the alliances built between the Black Panther Party and the United Farm Workers during their grape boycott and everyone gets to enjoy a fruit salad made with produce grown on local unionized organic farms."<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/black-panther-party-10-point-program/</Ref> <br><br>		The impact the Black Panther Party had on the Planting Justice program is evident: "The Black Panther Party’s 10 point program is a valuable tool for teaching liberation education. It not only gives students a deeper understanding of the civil rights movement, it further provides a container for participants to connect this history to their individual experience and discuss the most pressing issues in their community. Participants learn about the alliances built between the Black Panther Party and the United Farm Workers during their grape boycott and everyone gets to enjoy a fruit salad made with produce grown on local unionized organic farms."<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/black-panther-party-10-point-program/</Ref> <br><br>

	Furthermore, on a blog post on their website Haleh Zandi explains the importance of alliance building in the context of white supremacy and food sovereignty: <blockquote>Alliance building is, in fact, a necessary means for achieving social change towards justice and human rights, and within the food justice movement in the United States, addressing white, middle-class privilege is one of the keys to building alliances between grassroots organizations working for sovereignty over affordable, nutritious food sources. Failure to confront social and cultural differences within liberal social movements and the ways in which the community food movement reproduces white privilege undermines the efforts of social change (Slocum 2006). As evidenced above, racism is an organizing process in the industrialized and globalized food system: people of color disproportionately experience food insecurity, lose their farms, and face the dangerous work of food processing and agricultural labor. Between 1990 and 1998, the total number of young Indigenous Americans who deal with diabetes increased by 71% (Acton et al 2002), and Indigenous Americans are 2.6 times more likely than European Americans to have diabetes, which has a direct correlation with one’s diet. Likewise, African American and Latino American households experienced food insecurity at double the national average in 2003 (Weil 2004; or see Shields 1995). Indeed, the United States’ food system was built upon a foundation of genocide, slavery, and racist institutions which have dispossessed racialized groups of cultural pride, land use, and the right to a dignified livelihood through the overlapping dynamics of race, class, and gender disparities.<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/planting-justice/resources-food-justice-research-racial-equality/</Ref></Blockquote>		Furthermore, on a blog post on their website Haleh Zandi explains the importance of alliance building in the context of white supremacy and [[food sovereignty]]: <blockquote>Alliance building is, in fact, a necessary means for achieving social change towards justice and human rights, and within the food justice movement in the United States, addressing white, middle-class privilege is one of the keys to building alliances between grassroots organizations working for sovereignty over affordable, nutritious food sources. Failure to confront social and cultural differences within liberal social movements and the ways in which the community food movement reproduces white privilege undermines the efforts of social change (Slocum 2006). As evidenced above, racism is an organizing process in the industrialized and globalized food system: people of color disproportionately experience food insecurity, lose their farms, and face the dangerous work of food processing and agricultural labor. Between 1990 and 1998, the total number of young Indigenous Americans who deal with diabetes increased by 71% (Acton et al 2002), and Indigenous Americans are 2.6 times more likely than European Americans to have diabetes, which has a direct correlation with one’s diet. Likewise, African American and Latino American households experienced food insecurity at double the national average in 2003 (Weil 2004; or see Shields 1995). Indeed, the United States’ food system was built upon a foundation of genocide, slavery, and racist institutions which have dispossessed racialized groups of cultural pride, land use, and the right to a dignified livelihood through the overlapping dynamics of race, class, and gender disparities.<Ref>https://plantingjustice.org/planting-justice/resources-food-justice-research-racial-equality/</Ref></Blockquote>

	== Food Justice Movement ==		== Food Justice Movement ==