Hempurgy - Revision history

Florez4747: /* Building */

2023-08-10T02:55:46Z

Building

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 10 August 2023
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	===Building===		===Building===
	*Concrete		*Concrete
			<Blockquote>Construction of buildings and roads consumes nearly half of the raw material and energy across the world, and the inside utility services like lighting, heating, and air conditioning emit almost 47% CO2 in the UK. Thereby, it can be concluded that this sector is a major contributor to world climate change and requires intensive focus for a review of material design, sourcing, and building design as green building for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.<br><br>

			As an alternative to conventional filling materials, hempcrete can be a better choice for its lighter weight, hygrothermal and acoustic performance, carbon negativity, and natural sink of CO2. It has been reported that 260 mm thick 1 m2 hemp-lime wall requires up to 394 MJ of energy and sinks up to 35 kg CO2 over a 100-year life span, whereas Portland cement based equivalent concrete wall requires 560 MJ of energy with an additional release of 52.3 kg of CO2. Therefore, the most potential use of hempcrete in terms of CO2 sinking is that its regrowth cycle is in one year, much shorter than forest regrowth for storing carbon over the lifetime of the composite and thereby delaying the emission of greenhouse gas.<Ref>A T M Faiz Ahmed, Md Zahidul Islam, Md Sultan Mahmud, Md Emdad Sarker, Md Reajul Islam, Hemp as a potential raw material toward a sustainable world: A review, Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2022, e08753, ISSN 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08753.</Ref></Blockquote>

	*Lumber		*Lumber
	*Plastic		*Plastic

Florez4747: /* Building */

2023-08-10T02:38:08Z

Building

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:38, 10 August 2023
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	<Blockquote>Hemp plastic which is 100% biodegradable, can be a better alternative to synthetic plastic. The cellulose of the hemp plant is rated 60–70%, which can be extracted for making a different range of plastics, including rayon, celluloid and cellophane. While 100% hemp-based plastic is still a rarity, composite bioplastics made from hemp and other plant source are already in use. Though it is by definition a composite, in reference to dimension and end-uses, researchers often use hemp plastics as distinguished terminology. <br><br>		<Blockquote>Hemp plastic which is 100% biodegradable, can be a better alternative to synthetic plastic. The cellulose of the hemp plant is rated 60–70%, which can be extracted for making a different range of plastics, including rayon, celluloid and cellophane. While 100% hemp-based plastic is still a rarity, composite bioplastics made from hemp and other plant source are already in use. Though it is by definition a composite, in reference to dimension and end-uses, researchers often use hemp plastics as distinguished terminology. <br><br>

	Researchers have evaluated a range of biopolymers for their usefulness as bio-plastic materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, collagen, casein, plant proteins. Some of the biopolymers for bio-plastics are poly-butyrate (PBAT), poly-caprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly- hydroxalkanoate (PHA). Wheat gluten is one of the most important biopolymers due to its low cost and high content of hydrogen bonds in the film. Wretfors et al. developed short industrial hemp fiber-reinforced wheat gluten plastics and found that hemp fiber-reinforced wheat gluten plastics with 20% fiber content exhibit double tensile strength and ten times young's modulus in comparison to the pure wheat gluten plastics. Wibowo et al. developed hemp fiber-reinforced bioplastics by using cellulose acetate and cellulose butyrate as bio-resin and revealed that hemp fiber-reinforced bioplastics show better mechanical properties than the non-renewable poly-propylene-based hemp fiber-reinforced plastics. Hemp-based plastics can be used for packaging and technical purposes. They are particularly suitable because of their strength, lightweight and environmental compatibility.		Researchers have evaluated a range of biopolymers for their usefulness as bio-plastic materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, collagen, casein, plant proteins. Some of the biopolymers for bio-plastics are poly-butyrate (PBAT), poly-caprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly- hydroxalkanoate (PHA). Wheat gluten is one of the most important biopolymers due to its low cost and high content of hydrogen bonds in the film. Wretfors et al. developed short industrial hemp fiber-reinforced wheat gluten plastics and found that hemp fiber-reinforced wheat gluten plastics with 20% fiber content exhibit double tensile strength and ten times young's modulus in comparison to the pure wheat gluten plastics. Wibowo et al. developed hemp fiber-reinforced bioplastics by using cellulose acetate and cellulose butyrate as bio-resin and revealed that hemp fiber-reinforced bioplastics show better mechanical properties than the non-renewable poly-propylene-based hemp fiber-reinforced plastics. Hemp-based plastics can be used for packaging and technical purposes. They are particularly suitable because of their strength, lightweight and environmental compatibility.<Ref>A T M Faiz Ahmed, Md Zahidul Islam, Md Sultan Mahmud, Md Emdad Sarker, Md Reajul Islam, Hemp as a potential raw material toward a sustainable world: A review, Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2022, e08753, ISSN 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08753.</Ref></Blockquote>

	===Feeding===		===Feeding===

Florez4747: /* Building */

2023-08-10T02:37:51Z

Building

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:37, 10 August 2023
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	*Lumber		*Lumber
	*Plastic		*Plastic
			<Blockquote>Hemp plastic which is 100% biodegradable, can be a better alternative to synthetic plastic. The cellulose of the hemp plant is rated 60–70%, which can be extracted for making a different range of plastics, including rayon, celluloid and cellophane. While 100% hemp-based plastic is still a rarity, composite bioplastics made from hemp and other plant source are already in use. Though it is by definition a composite, in reference to dimension and end-uses, researchers often use hemp plastics as distinguished terminology. <br><br>

			Researchers have evaluated a range of biopolymers for their usefulness as bio-plastic materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, collagen, casein, plant proteins. Some of the biopolymers for bio-plastics are poly-butyrate (PBAT), poly-caprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly- hydroxalkanoate (PHA). Wheat gluten is one of the most important biopolymers due to its low cost and high content of hydrogen bonds in the film. Wretfors et al. developed short industrial hemp fiber-reinforced wheat gluten plastics and found that hemp fiber-reinforced wheat gluten plastics with 20% fiber content exhibit double tensile strength and ten times young's modulus in comparison to the pure wheat gluten plastics. Wibowo et al. developed hemp fiber-reinforced bioplastics by using cellulose acetate and cellulose butyrate as bio-resin and revealed that hemp fiber-reinforced bioplastics show better mechanical properties than the non-renewable poly-propylene-based hemp fiber-reinforced plastics. Hemp-based plastics can be used for packaging and technical purposes. They are particularly suitable because of their strength, lightweight and environmental compatibility.

	===Feeding===		===Feeding===

Florez4747: /* Printing */

2023-08-10T02:30:07Z

Printing

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:30, 10 August 2023
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	===Printing===		===Printing===
	*Paper		*Paper
			<Blockquote>Hemp yields more biomass than wood, offering even two times more useable fibers than forests. Industrial hemp consists of a maximum of 77% cellulose which is three times more than wood and other agricultural wastes. This indicates a quadruple amount of paper can be produced from hemp against forests grown in the same area. In addition, hemp is a short rotation crop that can be harvested after four months of cultivation, whereas hardwood and softwood plants require 8–12 years and 20–80 years, respectively in rotation cycles. ...<Ref>A T M Faiz Ahmed, Md Zahidul Islam, Md Sultan Mahmud, Md Emdad Sarker, Md Reajul Islam, Hemp as a potential raw material toward a sustainable world: A review, Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2022, e08753, ISSN 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08753.</Ref></Blockquote>

	===Building===		===Building===

Jb: /* Alcohol */

2023-07-13T01:08:03Z

Alcohol

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:08, 13 July 2023
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	<blockquote>The lower lignin and higher cellulose content of cannabis make it an attractive feedstock for bioethanol synthesis. A variety of microbes ... are exploited for biological ethanol production. These microbes ferment sugars derived from lignocellulosics through a subsequently aerobic and anaerobic process.<ref name = "Brar 2022"></ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>The lower lignin and higher cellulose content of cannabis make it an attractive feedstock for bioethanol synthesis. A variety of microbes ... are exploited for biological ethanol production. These microbes ferment sugars derived from lignocellulosics through a subsequently aerobic and anaerobic process.<ref name = "Brar 2022"></ref></blockquote>

			<blockquote>Butanol is an essential precursor of plastics, polymers, and paints [23]. Butanol has many advantages over ethanol, such as density, engine safety, and compatibility [98, 99].<ref name = "Brar 2022"></ref></blockquote>

	====Oil====		====Oil====
	Seeds process into [[Diesel Fuel]].		Seeds process into [[Diesel Fuel]].

TH: /* Electrical */

2023-07-13T01:06:26Z

Electrical

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:06, 13 July 2023
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	Entire biomass useful for [[Pyrolysis]].		Entire biomass useful for [[Pyrolysis]].
	===Electrical===		===Electrical===
	Proof of concept in ~~201X~~ for carbohydrate "supercapacitor" ==> [[Biocharger]].		Proof of concept in 2014 for carbohydrate "supercapacitor" ==> [[Biocharger]]:

			<blockquote>New studies have shown that when hemp is made into activated carbon, the resulting material has a highly porous microstructure with dense capacity for ion storage and transfer, a central element in electrical conductivity.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6838265/</ref>

			Based on these properties, in 2014, researchers at the University of Alberta/National Institute of Nanotechnology successfully conducted an experiment in carbonizing hemp, crystallizing it into nanosheets, and implementing it in a supercapacitor system.<ref>https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/hemp-carbon-makes-supercapacitors-superfast</ref>

			The hemp supercapacitor they designed proved capable of doubling the energy storage of a comparable graphene supercapacitor, the industry standard; and it could be produced at five hundred dollars per ton of biomass, as opposed to the two-thousand dollar per gram rate of Graphene – over a million times more cost-effective.

			Rather than requiring intensive pollution and reliance on rapidly dwindling minerals sourced from forced labor, hemp supercapacitors now have the ability to meet many energy storage needs while sequestering carbon as a form of above-ground biomass that can be rapidly regrown. Hemp supercapacitors represent nothing less than carbon-negative energy storage.<ref>https://branchoutnow.org/hemp-supercapacitors-and-the-future-of-carbon-negative-energy-storage/</ref></blockquote>

	==Material==		==Material==

Jb: /* Energy */

2023-07-13T00:19:25Z

Energy

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:19, 13 July 2023
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	===Combustive===		===Combustive===
	====Alcohol====		====Alcohol====
	Cellulose sugars (mostly in stalk) distill into butanol/ethanol.		Cellulose sugars (mostly in stalk) distill into butanol/ethanol:

			<blockquote>The lower lignin and higher cellulose content of cannabis make it an attractive feedstock for bioethanol synthesis. A variety of microbes ... are exploited for biological ethanol production. These microbes ferment sugars derived from lignocellulosics through a subsequently aerobic and anaerobic process.<ref name = "Brar 2022"></ref></blockquote>
	====Oil====		====Oil====
	Seeds process into [[Diesel Fuel]].		Seeds process into [[Diesel Fuel]].

Jb: /* Energy */

2023-07-13T00:14:25Z

Energy

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:14, 13 July 2023
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	=Application=		=Application=
	==Energy==		==Energy==
			An energy yield of 100 GJ/ha/y is associated hemp biomass.<ref name = "Brar 2022"></ref>
	===Combustive===		===Combustive===
	====Alcohol====		====Alcohol====

Jb: /* Technical */

2023-07-13T00:11:40Z

Technical

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:11, 13 July 2023
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	Why does HEMP deserve its own category of [[كيمياء]]?? To name a few special features of this particular biomass:		Why does HEMP deserve its own category of [[كيمياء]]?? To name a few special features of this particular biomass:
	<blockquote>~~...~~the low cost of feedstock, high lignocellulosic content, a yield of dry matter (DM), and low nutrient requirement, which eventually enhance soil health. Hemp fiber also has ~~specifc~~ properties, including greater absorbency and hygroscopicity, and possesses excellent thermal and electrostatic properties, making it compatible to use as a bio-adsorbent of pollutants and for developing biocomposites.<ref name = "Brar 2022">Brar KK, Raheja Y, Chadha BS, Magdouli S, Brar SK, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Koubaa A. A paradigm shift towards production of sustainable bioenergy and advanced products from Cannabis/hemp biomass in Canada. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2022 Mar 19:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-02570-6 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934023/pdf/13399_2022_Article_2570.pdf></ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>the low cost of feedstock, high lignocellulosic content, a yield of dry matter (DM), and low nutrient requirement, which eventually enhance soil health.

			Hemp fiber also has specific properties, including greater absorbency and hygroscopicity, and possesses excellent thermal and electrostatic properties, making it compatible to use as a bio-adsorbent of pollutants and for developing biocomposites.<ref name = "Brar 2022">Brar KK, Raheja Y, Chadha BS, Magdouli S, Brar SK, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Koubaa A. A paradigm shift towards production of sustainable bioenergy and advanced products from Cannabis/hemp biomass in Canada. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2022 Mar 19:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-02570-6 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934023/pdf/13399_2022_Article_2570.pdf></ref></blockquote>

	=Production=		=Production=

Jb: /* Technical */

2023-07-13T00:11:00Z

Technical

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:11, 13 July 2023
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	Hempurgy is any case of [[Khemurgy]] where the feedstock is [[Qannabis]].		Hempurgy is any case of [[Khemurgy]] where the feedstock is [[Qannabis]].

	Why does HEMP deserve its own category of [[كيمياء]]??		Why does HEMP deserve its own category of [[كيمياء]]?? To name a few special features of this particular biomass:
	<blockquote>~~Several salient features highlighting the use of hemp biomass include~~ the low cost of feedstock, high lignocellulosic content, a yield of dry matter (DM), and low nutrient requirement, which eventually enhance soil health. Hemp fiber also has specifc properties, including greater absorbency and hygroscopicity, and possesses excellent thermal and electrostatic properties, making it compatible to use as a bio-adsorbent of pollutants and for developing biocomposites.<ref name = "Brar 2022">Brar KK, Raheja Y, Chadha BS, Magdouli S, Brar SK, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Koubaa A. A paradigm shift towards production of sustainable bioenergy and advanced products from Cannabis/hemp biomass in Canada. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2022 Mar 19:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-02570-6 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934023/pdf/13399_2022_Article_2570.pdf></ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>...the low cost of feedstock, high lignocellulosic content, a yield of dry matter (DM), and low nutrient requirement, which eventually enhance soil health. Hemp fiber also has specifc properties, including greater absorbency and hygroscopicity, and possesses excellent thermal and electrostatic properties, making it compatible to use as a bio-adsorbent of pollutants and for developing biocomposites.<ref name = "Brar 2022">Brar KK, Raheja Y, Chadha BS, Magdouli S, Brar SK, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Koubaa A. A paradigm shift towards production of sustainable bioenergy and advanced products from Cannabis/hemp biomass in Canada. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2022 Mar 19:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-02570-6 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934023/pdf/13399_2022_Article_2570.pdf></ref></blockquote>

	=Production=		=Production=