Hill+Knowlton Strategies - Revision history

BranchOut: Undo revision 3957 by BranchOut (talk)

2022-12-22T09:43:10Z

Undo revision 3957 by BranchOut (talk)

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	== Steel Pollution ==		== Steel Pollution ==

	The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.		The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.<ref name=Cutlip13>{{cite book \|title=The Unseen Power \|author=Scott M. Cutlip \|year=2013 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=9781136690006 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTr8AQAAQBAJ&q=Hill+and+Knowlton+BCCI \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=Goodell90>{{cite news \|title=What Hill & Knowlton Can Do for You, (And What It Couldn't Do for Itself) \|author=Jeffrey Goodell \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/09/magazine/what-hill-knowlton-can-do-for-you-and-what-it-couldn-t-do-for-itself.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|date=9 September 1990 \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>

	For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

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Steel Pollution

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 22 December 2022
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	== Steel Pollution ==		== Steel Pollution ==

	The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.<ref name=Cutlip13>{{cite book \|title=The Unseen Power \|author=Scott M. Cutlip \|year=2013 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=9781136690006 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTr8AQAAQBAJ&q=Hill+and+Knowlton+BCCI \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=Goodell90>{{cite news \|title=What Hill & Knowlton Can Do for You, (And What It Couldn't Do for Itself) \|author=Jeffrey Goodell \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/09/magazine/what-hill-knowlton-can-do-for-you-and-what-it-couldn-t-do-for-itself.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|date=9 September 1990 \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>		The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.

	For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

BranchOut: Reverted edits by BranchOut (talk) to last revision by TH

2022-12-22T09:15:54Z

Reverted edits by BranchOut (talk) to last revision by TH

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 22 December 2022
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	== Steel Pollution ==		== Steel Pollution ==

	The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.<ref name=Cutlip13>		The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.<ref name=Cutlip13>{{cite book \|title=The Unseen Power \|author=Scott M. Cutlip \|year=2013 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=9781136690006 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTr8AQAAQBAJ&q=Hill+and+Knowlton+BCCI \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=Goodell90>{{cite news \|title=What Hill & Knowlton Can Do for You, (And What It Couldn't Do for Itself) \|author=Jeffrey Goodell \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/09/magazine/what-hill-knowlton-can-do-for-you-and-what-it-couldn-t-do-for-itself.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|date=9 September 1990 \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>

	For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

BranchOut at 09:15, 22 December 2022

2022-12-22T09:15:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 22 December 2022
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	== Steel Pollution ==		== Steel Pollution ==

	The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.<ref name=Cutlip13>{{cite book \|title=The Unseen Power \|author=Scott M. Cutlip \|year=2013 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=9781136690006 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTr8AQAAQBAJ&q=Hill+and+Knowlton+BCCI \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=Goodell90>{{cite news \|title=What Hill & Knowlton Can Do for You, (And What It Couldn't Do for Itself) \|author=Jeffrey Goodell \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/09/magazine/what-hill-knowlton-can-do-for-you-and-what-it-couldn-t-do-for-itself.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|date=9 September 1990 \|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>		The PR firm known today as Hill+Knowlton Strategies was founded in 1927 with the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio as a major first client.<ref name=Cutlip13>

	For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		For the next 30 years, the firm had a reputation for defending the steel industry in public relations campaigns, including against striking workers most notoriously in the steel strike of 1952. <ref name=Goodell90/><ref name=Miller95>{{cite book \|title=Business and Economic History Volume 24 \|author=Karen Miller \|publisher=Business History Conference \|url=http://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|access-date=5 October 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003229/http://thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v024n1/p0018-p0021.pdf \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

TH: /* Wars for Oil - Iraq */

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Wars for Oil - Iraq

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	In 1990, Hill + Knowlton Strategies was paid $10 million to elicit false testimony in Congress to fabricate a pretext for former President and CIA Director [[George H.W. Bush]]'s planned invasion of Iraq <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/oct/04/socialsciences.highereducation</ref>		In 1990, Hill + Knowlton Strategies was paid $10 million to elicit false testimony in Congress to fabricate a pretext for former President and CIA Director [[George H.W. Bush]]'s planned invasion of Iraq <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/oct/04/socialsciences.highereducation</ref>
	<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=uWadPwAACAAJ&q=Toxic+Sludge+is+Good+For+You:+Lies,+Damn+Lies+and+the+Public+Relations+Industry+Paperback+by+John+Stauber</ref>. The testimony elicited was proven false after the invasion,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/14/business/the-media-business-advertising-a-dispute-in-the-public-relations-industry.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190407152520/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1992-07-08-9202180589-story.html</ref> and relied on images funded by the CIA and ~~its~~ partners such as the [[Rendon Group]] and Hill & Knowlton.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/36107361/9_11_and_American_Empire_Intellectuals_Speak_Out</ref>		<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=uWadPwAACAAJ&q=Toxic+Sludge+is+Good+For+You:+Lies,+Damn+Lies+and+the+Public+Relations+Industry+Paperback+by+John+Stauber</ref>. The testimony elicited was proven false after the invasion,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/14/business/the-media-business-advertising-a-dispute-in-the-public-relations-industry.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190407152520/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1992-07-08-9202180589-story.html</ref> and relied on images funded by the CIA and given to partners such as the [[Rendon Group]] and Hill & Knowlton.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/36107361/9_11_and_American_Empire_Intellectuals_Speak_Out</ref>

	Starting in 1991, Mark McKinnon, the Vice Chairman of Public Strategies (now part of Hill + Knowlton Strategies), worked on a number of high-profile Texas political campaigns which earned him the nickname "the Spin Doctor."<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref><ref>http://www.texasmonthly.com/1996-11-01/feature5-1.php</ref> After meeting [[George W. Bush]] at the governor's mansion, McKinnon and Bush developed a personal relationship. According to Karl Rove, "Bush and McKinnon clicked from moment one. In a bow to McKinnon's cool image, Bush dubbed him 'M-Kat.'" McKinnon claimed he was charmed by Bush Jr.'s "compassion." <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/interviews/mckinnon.html</ref>		Starting in 1991, Mark McKinnon, the Vice Chairman of Public Strategies (now part of Hill + Knowlton Strategies), worked on a number of high-profile Texas political campaigns which earned him the nickname "the Spin Doctor."<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref><ref>http://www.texasmonthly.com/1996-11-01/feature5-1.php</ref> After meeting [[George W. Bush]] at the governor's mansion, McKinnon and Bush developed a personal relationship. According to Karl Rove, "Bush and McKinnon clicked from moment one. In a bow to McKinnon's cool image, Bush dubbed him 'M-Kat.'" McKinnon claimed he was charmed by Bush Jr.'s "compassion." <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/interviews/mckinnon.html</ref>

TH: /* Wars for Oil - Iraq */

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Wars for Oil - Iraq

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	<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=uWadPwAACAAJ&q=Toxic+Sludge+is+Good+For+You:+Lies,+Damn+Lies+and+the+Public+Relations+Industry+Paperback+by+John+Stauber</ref>. The testimony elicited was proven false after the invasion,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/14/business/the-media-business-advertising-a-dispute-in-the-public-relations-industry.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190407152520/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1992-07-08-9202180589-story.html</ref> and relied on images funded by the CIA and its partners such as the [[Rendon Group]] and Hill & Knowlton.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/36107361/9_11_and_American_Empire_Intellectuals_Speak_Out</ref>		<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=uWadPwAACAAJ&q=Toxic+Sludge+is+Good+For+You:+Lies,+Damn+Lies+and+the+Public+Relations+Industry+Paperback+by+John+Stauber</ref>. The testimony elicited was proven false after the invasion,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/14/business/the-media-business-advertising-a-dispute-in-the-public-relations-industry.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190407152520/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1992-07-08-9202180589-story.html</ref> and relied on images funded by the CIA and its partners such as the [[Rendon Group]] and Hill & Knowlton.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/36107361/9_11_and_American_Empire_Intellectuals_Speak_Out</ref>

	Starting in 1991, Mark McKinnon, the Vice Chairman of Public Strategies (now part of Hill + Knowlton Strategies), worked on a number of high-profile Texas political campaigns which earned him the ~~media appellation~~ "the Spin Doctor."<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref><ref>http://www.texasmonthly.com/1996-11-01/feature5-1.php</ref> After meeting ~~then Governor~~ [[George W. Bush]] ~~at a dinner~~ at the governor's mansion, McKinnon and Bush developed a personal relationship. According to Karl Rove, "Bush and McKinnon clicked from moment one. In a bow to McKinnon's cool image, Bush dubbed him 'M-Kat.'" McKinnon claimed he was charmed by Bush Jr.'s "compassion." <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/interviews/mckinnon.html</ref> He went on to lead the advertising and media team for Bush's gubernatorial campaign in 1998, and became president of Maverick Media, created for the purpose of electing Bush as president.<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref> He was the chief media advisor and advertising director of Bush's first and second presidential campaigns, and was appointed by Bush to serve as a member of the [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]], responsible for the U.S. government's international broadcasting programs.<ref>https://projects.publicintegrity.org/consultants/default.aspx?act=profiles&pid=2</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090716161937/http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/2707</ref>		Starting in 1991, Mark McKinnon, the Vice Chairman of Public Strategies (now part of Hill + Knowlton Strategies), worked on a number of high-profile Texas political campaigns which earned him the nickname "the Spin Doctor."<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref><ref>http://www.texasmonthly.com/1996-11-01/feature5-1.php</ref> After meeting [[George W. Bush]] at the governor's mansion, McKinnon and Bush developed a personal relationship. According to Karl Rove, "Bush and McKinnon clicked from moment one. In a bow to McKinnon's cool image, Bush dubbed him 'M-Kat.'" McKinnon claimed he was charmed by Bush Jr.'s "compassion." <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/interviews/mckinnon.html</ref>

	At the Pentagon, U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] drafted Victoria Clarke, head of Hill & Knowlton's D.C. office, to fabricate the pretext for the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.<ref>https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/03/20/how-they-sold-the-iraq-war/</ref><ref>http://www.spacewar.com/2003-a/030616173206.f68gs5zs.html</ref> As Rumsfeld’s Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, Clarke ~~oversaw the implementation of~~ a psychological operations campaign involving more than 75 retired military officers who met regularly with Pentagon officials and served as unofficial conduits for broadcasting pro-war propaganda on large corporate newscasts including [[Fox News]], [[CNN]], [[NBC]], [[ABC]] and [[CBS]].<ref>Barstow, David. “Behind TV Analysts, Pentagon’s Hidden Hand,” The New York Times, April 20, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/us/20generals.html</ref> Together, these officers circulated and amplified falsehoods such as the claim that Saddam Hussein was hiding weapons of mass destruction.<ref>Blumenthal, Sidney. “Bush knew Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction,” Salon, September 6, 2007. https://www.salon.com/2007/09/06/bush_wmd/</ref> ~~In the run-up to the war~~, Bush Administration officials made over five hundred false claims about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.<ref>Reading-Smith Mark, et al. “Search the 935 Iraq War false statements,” The Center for Public Integrity, July 1, 2004. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/06/24/14969/search-935-iraq-war-false-statements</ref>		McKinnon went on to lead the advertising and media team for Bush's gubernatorial re-election in 1998, then became president of Maverick Media, which was created for the purpose of electing Bush as president.<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref> He was the chief media advisor for Bush's first and second presidential campaigns, who appointed him to the [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]], responsible for the U.S. government's international broadcasting.<ref>https://projects.publicintegrity.org/consultants/default.aspx?act=profiles&pid=2</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090716161937/http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/2707</ref>

			At the Pentagon, U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] drafted Victoria Clarke, head of Hill & Knowlton's D.C. office, to fabricate the pretext for the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.<ref>https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/03/20/how-they-sold-the-iraq-war/</ref><ref>http://www.spacewar.com/2003-a/030616173206.f68gs5zs.html</ref> As Rumsfeld’s Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, Clarke implemented a [[psychological operations]] campaign involving more than 75 retired military officers who met regularly with Pentagon officials and served as unofficial conduits for broadcasting pro-war propaganda on large corporate newscasts including [[Fox News]], [[CNN]], [[NBC]], [[ABC]] and [[CBS]].<ref>Barstow, David. “Behind TV Analysts, Pentagon’s Hidden Hand,” The New York Times, April 20, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/us/20generals.html</ref> Together, these officers circulated and amplified falsehoods such as the claim that Saddam Hussein was hiding weapons of mass destruction.<ref>Blumenthal, Sidney. “Bush knew Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction,” Salon, September 6, 2007. https://www.salon.com/2007/09/06/bush_wmd/</ref> As part of this campaign, Bush Administration officials made over five hundred false claims about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.<ref>Reading-Smith Mark, et al. “Search the 935 Iraq War false statements,” The Center for Public Integrity, July 1, 2004. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/06/24/14969/search-935-iraq-war-false-statements</ref>

	== Fracking ==		== Fracking ==

TH: /* Pyrolize */

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Pyrolize

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	https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hill_%26_Knowlton		https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hill_%26_Knowlton

	https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rendon_Group		https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rendon_Group

	== Cited ==		== Cited ==

TH: /* Wars for Oil - Iraq */

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Wars for Oil - Iraq

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	Starting in 1991, Mark McKinnon, the Vice Chairman of Public Strategies (now part of Hill + Knowlton Strategies), worked on a number of high-profile Texas political campaigns which earned him the media appellation "the Spin Doctor."<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref><ref>http://www.texasmonthly.com/1996-11-01/feature5-1.php</ref> After meeting then Governor [[George W. Bush]] at a dinner at the governor's mansion, McKinnon and Bush developed a personal relationship. According to Karl Rove, "Bush and McKinnon clicked from moment one. In a bow to McKinnon's cool image, Bush dubbed him 'M-Kat.'" McKinnon claimed he was charmed by Bush Jr.'s "compassion." <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/interviews/mckinnon.html</ref> He went on to lead the advertising and media team for Bush's gubernatorial campaign in 1998, and became president of Maverick Media, created for the purpose of electing Bush as president.<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref> He was the chief media advisor and advertising director of Bush's first and second presidential campaigns, and was appointed by Bush to serve as a member of the [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]], responsible for the U.S. government's international broadcasting programs.<ref>https://projects.publicintegrity.org/consultants/default.aspx?act=profiles&pid=2</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090716161937/http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/2707</ref>		Starting in 1991, Mark McKinnon, the Vice Chairman of Public Strategies (now part of Hill + Knowlton Strategies), worked on a number of high-profile Texas political campaigns which earned him the media appellation "the Spin Doctor."<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref><ref>http://www.texasmonthly.com/1996-11-01/feature5-1.php</ref> After meeting then Governor [[George W. Bush]] at a dinner at the governor's mansion, McKinnon and Bush developed a personal relationship. According to Karl Rove, "Bush and McKinnon clicked from moment one. In a bow to McKinnon's cool image, Bush dubbed him 'M-Kat.'" McKinnon claimed he was charmed by Bush Jr.'s "compassion." <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/interviews/mckinnon.html</ref> He went on to lead the advertising and media team for Bush's gubernatorial campaign in 1998, and became president of Maverick Media, created for the purpose of electing Bush as president.<ref>http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/05/where-are-they-now-mark-mckinnon/</ref> He was the chief media advisor and advertising director of Bush's first and second presidential campaigns, and was appointed by Bush to serve as a member of the [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]], responsible for the U.S. government's international broadcasting programs.<ref>https://projects.publicintegrity.org/consultants/default.aspx?act=profiles&pid=2</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090716161937/http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/2707</ref>

	~~Over at~~ the Pentagon, Donald Rumsfeld drafted Victoria Clarke ~~as his director~~ of ~~public affairs~~ to ~~help~~ fabricate the pretext for the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq~~. Before becoming Rumsfeld’s mouthpiece, she had commanded Hill and Knowlton’s D.C. office~~.<ref>https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/03/20/how-they-sold-the-iraq-war/</ref><ref>http://www.spacewar.com/2003-a/030616173206.f68gs5zs.html</ref> As Rumsfeld’s Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, Clarke oversaw the implementation of a psychological operations campaign involving more than 75 retired military officers who met regularly with Pentagon officials and served as unofficial conduits for broadcasting pro-war propaganda on large corporate newscasts including [[Fox News]], [[CNN]], [[NBC]], [[ABC]] and [[CBS]].<ref>Barstow, David. “Behind TV Analysts, Pentagon’s Hidden Hand,” The New York Times, April 20, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/us/20generals.html</ref> Together, these officers circulated and amplified falsehoods such as the claim that Saddam Hussein was hiding weapons of mass destruction.<ref>Blumenthal, Sidney. “Bush knew Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction,” Salon, September 6, 2007. https://www.salon.com/2007/09/06/bush_wmd/</ref> In the run-up to the war, Bush Administration officials made over five hundred false claims about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.<ref>Reading-Smith Mark, et al. “Search the 935 Iraq War false statements,” The Center for Public Integrity, July 1, 2004. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/06/24/14969/search-935-iraq-war-false-statements</ref>		At the Pentagon, U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] drafted Victoria Clarke, head of Hill & Knowlton's D.C. office, to fabricate the pretext for the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.<ref>https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/03/20/how-they-sold-the-iraq-war/</ref><ref>http://www.spacewar.com/2003-a/030616173206.f68gs5zs.html</ref> As Rumsfeld’s Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, Clarke oversaw the implementation of a psychological operations campaign involving more than 75 retired military officers who met regularly with Pentagon officials and served as unofficial conduits for broadcasting pro-war propaganda on large corporate newscasts including [[Fox News]], [[CNN]], [[NBC]], [[ABC]] and [[CBS]].<ref>Barstow, David. “Behind TV Analysts, Pentagon’s Hidden Hand,” The New York Times, April 20, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/us/20generals.html</ref> Together, these officers circulated and amplified falsehoods such as the claim that Saddam Hussein was hiding weapons of mass destruction.<ref>Blumenthal, Sidney. “Bush knew Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction,” Salon, September 6, 2007. https://www.salon.com/2007/09/06/bush_wmd/</ref> In the run-up to the war, Bush Administration officials made over five hundred false claims about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.<ref>Reading-Smith Mark, et al. “Search the 935 Iraq War false statements,” The Center for Public Integrity, July 1, 2004. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/06/24/14969/search-935-iraq-war-false-statements</ref>

	== Fracking ==		== Fracking ==

TH at 19:29, 10 November 2022

2022-11-10T19:29:43Z

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	= Ownership =		= Ownership =

	Hill+Knowlton Strategies is owned by WPP plc, whose chairman Philip Lader is a senior adviser to [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Palantir]], serves on the boards of [[Marathon Oil]] and [[RAND]] (where he was formerly the vice chairman), and is a member of the [[Rockefeller-founded]] [[Council on Foreign Relations]].		Hill+Knowlton Strategies is owned by WPP plc, whose chairman Philip Lader is a senior adviser to [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Palantir]], serves on the boards of [[Marathon Oil]] and [[RAND]] (where he was formerly the vice chairman), and is a member of the [[Rockefeller]]-founded [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_plc</ref>

	= Sources =		= Sources =

TH at 19:29, 10 November 2022

2022-11-10T19:29:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 10 November 2022
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	Hill & Knowlton represents or has represented up to 50% of the corporations on the Fortune 500 list.<ref>http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/410/18/97357.html</ref><ref>http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=1007204</ref>		Hill & Knowlton represents or has represented up to 50% of the corporations on the Fortune 500 list.<ref>http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/410/18/97357.html</ref><ref>http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=1007204</ref>

			= Ownership =

			Hill+Knowlton Strategies is owned by WPP plc, whose chairman Philip Lader is a senior adviser to [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Palantir]], serves on the boards of [[Marathon Oil]] and [[RAND]] (where he was formerly the vice chairman), and is a member of the [[Rockefeller-founded]] [[Council on Foreign Relations]].

	= Sources =		= Sources =

			== Pyrolize ==

			https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hill_%26_Knowlton
			https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rendon_Group

			== Cited ==