Alcohol: Difference between revisions
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==Historical== | ==Historical== | ||
==Technical== | ==Technical== | ||
1540s (early 15c. as alcofol), "fine powder produced by sublimation," from Medieval Latin alcohol "powdered ore of antimony," from Arabic al-kuhul "kohl," the fine metallic powder used to darken the eyelids, from kahala "to stain, paint." The al- is the Arabic definite article, "the." | |||
Paracelsus (1493-1541) used the word to refer to a fine powder but also a volatile liquid. By 1670s it was being used in English for "any sublimated substance, the pure spirit of anything," including liquids. | |||
The sense of "intoxicating ingredient in strong liquor" is attested by 1753, short for alcohol of wine, which then was extended to the intoxicating element in fermented liquors. The formerly preferred terms for the substance were rectified spirits or brandy. | |||
In organic chemistry, the word was extended by 1808 to the class of compounds of the same type as this. <https://www.etymonline.com/word/alcohol> | |||
=Production= | =Production= | ||
==Feedstocks== | ==Feedstocks== | ||
Revision as of 16:37, 31 October 2022
Definition
Historical
Technical
1540s (early 15c. as alcofol), "fine powder produced by sublimation," from Medieval Latin alcohol "powdered ore of antimony," from Arabic al-kuhul "kohl," the fine metallic powder used to darken the eyelids, from kahala "to stain, paint." The al- is the Arabic definite article, "the."
Paracelsus (1493-1541) used the word to refer to a fine powder but also a volatile liquid. By 1670s it was being used in English for "any sublimated substance, the pure spirit of anything," including liquids.
The sense of "intoxicating ingredient in strong liquor" is attested by 1753, short for alcohol of wine, which then was extended to the intoxicating element in fermented liquors. The formerly preferred terms for the substance were rectified spirits or brandy.
In organic chemistry, the word was extended by 1808 to the class of compounds of the same type as this. <https://www.etymonline.com/word/alcohol>
Production
Feedstocks
Maize - Qannabis - Sugarcane - Wood
Processes
ABE fermentation (acetone-butanol-ethanol)
Reactors
Application
Energy
- Butanol
- Ethanol
- Methanol
Solvent
Medicine
- sterilization - intoxication: brain; heart; liver; gut
To make ethanol from hemp, you will need to extract the cellulose from the plant material. Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls, and it is what gives plants their structure. To extract the cellulose, you can use a process called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that breaks down the cellulose into smaller molecules.
Once the cellulose has been extracted, you will need to ferment it. Fermentation is a process that breaks down the cellulose into sugars. These sugars can then be used to make ethanol.
To make ethanol from hemp, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Extract the cellulose from the plant material.
2. Ferment the cellulose.
3. Use the fermented sugar to make ethanol.