Enbridge
ENBRIDGE is an oil transport company that was first established in 1949 by Imperial Oil as an Interprovincial Pipe Line Company (IPL) with its first Headquarters established in Toronto, Canada, and currently located in Calgary, CA. ENBRIDGE has had a long history of pipeline expansions all over North America and has been considered the largest transporter of crude oil and tar sands in both Canada and the United States. It transports around 28% of the crude oil produced in both nations.
Enbridge pipelines have stretched from the Great Lake to the Mississippi River and come with a history of controversial environmental litigation cases initiated both by indigenous-led groups, whose land sovereignty has constantly been undermined by the company with the targeting of Tribal Nations as a threat, locally concerned activists, and residents. Their biggest concern has been the spills across waterways when pipes rupture, the destruction of rich marshlands, and the greenhouse gas emissions from burning the crude oil the pipelines carry.