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= Agroecological Service Crops =
= Agroecological Service Crops =
Service crops are plants grown not for yield purposes, but to provide particular ecosystem services to the agrosystem. In no-till environments these crops can be utilized to prevent the spread of invasive weeds and do avoid detrimentally disturbing microorganisms in upper soil layers and mycorrhizal fungi.<Ref>Canali, S.; Diacono, M.; Campanelli, G.; Montemurro, F. Organic no-till with roller crimpers: Agro-ecosystem services and Applications in organic Mediterranean vegetable productions. Sustain. Agric. Res. 2015, 4, 70–79.</Ref><Ref>Campanelli, G.; Testani, E.; Canali, S.; Ciaccia, C.; Leteo, F.; Trinchera, A. Effects of cereals as agroecological service crops and no-till on organic melon, weeds and N. dynamics. Biol. Agric. Hort. 2019, 35, 275–287.</Ref><Ref>Navarro-Miró, D.; Blanco-Moreno, J.M.; Ciaccia, C.; Chamorro, L.; Testani, E.; Kristensen, H.L.; Hefner, M.; Tamm, K.; Bender, I.; Jakop, M.; et al. Agroecological service crops managed with roller crimper reduce weed density and weed species richness in organic vegetable systems across Europe. Agron. Sust. Dev. 2019, 39, 55.</Ref>


= Sources =
= Sources =

Revision as of 22:18, 29 July 2023

Agroecology is the application of ecological concepts, the study of relationships between plants, animals, people, and their environment - and the balance between these relationships, and principals in farming.[1]

In the context of Food Sovereignty, localization, and Bioregionalism utilizing agroecology is key to transitioning away from and repairing the destructive effects[2] of industrial agriculture.[3]


Mycelium

Mycorrhizal symbioses is a powerful tool to be employed in agroecological settings. Mycelium is highly efficient in facilitating plan nutrient uptake, water distribution and overall crop production.[4][5] Mycelium is able to increase Phosphorus and Nitrogen uptake and use efficiency,[6][7] which is vital in the transition away from Industrial Agriculture and artificial fertilizers. Mycelium can also help plants adapt to bioitic and abiotic stressors- increasing overall crop quality.[8][9]

Biofertilizer

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/14/3824

Agroecological Service Crops

Service crops are plants grown not for yield purposes, but to provide particular ecosystem services to the agrosystem. In no-till environments these crops can be utilized to prevent the spread of invasive weeds and do avoid detrimentally disturbing microorganisms in upper soil layers and mycorrhizal fungi.[10][11][12]

Sources

  1. ↑ https://www.soilassociation.org/causes-campaigns/a-ten-year-transition-to-agroecology/what-is-agroecology/
  2. ↑ https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/10-things-you-should-know-about-industrial-farming
  3. ↑ Botelho, M. I. V., Cardoso, I. M., & Otsuki, K. (2015). “I made a pact with God, with nature, and with myself”: exploring deep agroecology. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 40(2), 116–131. doi:10.1080/21683565.2015.11157
  4. ↑ Smith, S.E.; Read, D.J. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 2nd ed.; Academic Press: London, UK, 1997; ISBN 9780080559346.
  5. ↑ Van der Heijden, M.G.A.; Klironomos, J.N.; Ursic, M.M.; Moutoglis, P.; Streitwolf-Engel, R.; Boller, T.; Wiemken, A.; Sanders, I.R. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 1998, 396, 69–72.
  6. ↑ Hill, J.O.; Simpson, R.J.; Ryan, M.H.; Chapman, D.F. Root hair morphology and mycorrhizal colonisation of pasture species in response to phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition. Crop. Past Sci. 2010, 61, 122–131.
  7. ↑ Trinchera, A.; Testani, E.; Ciaccia, C.Q.; Campanelli, G.; Leteo, F.; Canali, S. Effects induced by living mulch on rhizosphere interactions in organic artichoke: The cultivar’s adaptive strategy. Renew. Agr. Food Syst. 2016, 32, 214–223.
  8. ↑ Miceli, A.; Romano, C.; Moncada, A.; Piazza, G.; Torta, L.; D’Anna, F.; Vetrano, F. Yield and quality of mini-watermelon as affected by grafting and mycorrhizal inoculum. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 2016, 18, 505–516.
  9. ↑ Salvioli, A.; Novero, M.; Lacourt, I.; Bonfante, P. The Impact of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Tomato Fruit Quality. In Proceedings of the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Modena, Italy, 16–20 June 2008
  10. ↑ Canali, S.; Diacono, M.; Campanelli, G.; Montemurro, F. Organic no-till with roller crimpers: Agro-ecosystem services and Applications in organic Mediterranean vegetable productions. Sustain. Agric. Res. 2015, 4, 70–79.
  11. ↑ Campanelli, G.; Testani, E.; Canali, S.; Ciaccia, C.; Leteo, F.; Trinchera, A. Effects of cereals as agroecological service crops and no-till on organic melon, weeds and N. dynamics. Biol. Agric. Hort. 2019, 35, 275–287.
  12. ↑ Navarro-Miró, D.; Blanco-Moreno, J.M.; Ciaccia, C.; Chamorro, L.; Testani, E.; Kristensen, H.L.; Hefner, M.; Tamm, K.; Bender, I.; Jakop, M.; et al. Agroecological service crops managed with roller crimper reduce weed density and weed species richness in organic vegetable systems across Europe. Agron. Sust. Dev. 2019, 39, 55.
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