Hempurgy: Difference between revisions
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===Combustive=== | ===Combustive=== | ||
====Alcohol==== | ====Alcohol==== | ||
Cellulose sugars (mostly in stalk) distill into butanol/ethanol. | Cellulose sugars (mostly in stalk) distill into butanol/ethanol: | ||
<blockquote>The lower lignin and higher cellulose content of cannabis make it an attractive feedstock for bioethanol synthesis. A variety of microbes ... are exploited for biological ethanol production. These microbes ferment sugars derived from lignocellulosics through a subsequently aerobic and anaerobic process.<ref name = "Brar 2022"></ref></blockquote> | |||
====Oil==== | ====Oil==== | ||
Seeds process into [[Diesel Fuel]]. | Seeds process into [[Diesel Fuel]]. | ||
Revision as of 00:19, 13 July 2023
Definition
Historical
Ford Motor Company produced a car out of Hemp Plastic in 1942. Henry Ford, who visited with George Washington Carver to develop this prototype, also contracted Rudolph Diesel to alchemize the Hemp Fuel that powered it. < pop. mech. Dec 1942 >
Technical
Hempurgy is any case of Khemurgy where the feedstock is Qannabis.
Why does HEMP deserve its own category of كيمياء?? To name a few special features of this particular biomass:
the low cost of feedstock, high lignocellulosic content, a yield of dry matter (DM), and low nutrient requirement, which eventually enhance soil health. Hemp fiber also has specific properties, including greater absorbency and hygroscopicity, and possesses excellent thermal and electrostatic properties, making it compatible to use as a bio-adsorbent of pollutants and for developing biocomposites.[1]
Production
Soil
Remediation
Typical strategies to remediate polluted soils are expensive and environmentally damaging. Examples include the excavation and burial of polluted soil at hazardous waste sites, the chemical processing of soil to immobilize metals, and using acid solutions to desorb and leach metals from soil taken from a waste site and returning the clean soil residue to the site.
Phytoremediation is a feasible, economical, and sustainable alternative for cleaning polluted soil. Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to remove metal pollutants from soil or render them harmless [5–8]. Many plants are known to accumulate metal pollutants, and the ability to accumulate metal varies significantly between species and between cultivars within a species. Most metal-accumulating plants are small shrubs with shallow roots requiring specific growing conditions [9–13]. To be effective at soil remediation, more than just the top layer of soil needs to be cleaned of pollutants. Hemp’s ability to extract metals from soil with its deep roots, combined with its commercial prospects, make it an ideal candidate as a profit-yielding crop when used for phytoremediation purposes.
The fact that hemp accumulates potentially toxic metals in all plant parts limits its use as a raw material in clothing and the food chain.
The high quality of hemp fibers and hurds is not affected by metal contamination, allowing them to be used in products such as composite materials. Following the harvest of pollutant-enriched plants, contaminated material is either composted, disposed of as hazardous material, or (more economically interesting) used for metal recovery. [2]
- LEAD
In present study, a pot experiment using Pb-contaminated soil was conducted to investigate the accumulation of Pb contents in various organs of industrial hemp and its subcellular distribution and extractable form in the leaves. It was found that under Pb stress, the Pb content in plants increased significantly with an increase in the soil Pb concentration. Lead was mainly concentrated in the roots, followed by stems and leaves, while the lowest Pb contents were found in seeds (<12 mg/kg). The Pb content in roots was 2–7 times higher than in stems, leaves, and fibers, and 6–25 times higher than in seeds. At the subcellular level, Pb in industrial hemp leaves was mainly distributed in the cell wall and chloroplasts, with the Pb content first increasing and then decreasingas the soil Pb concentration increased, reaching a maximum at 4000 and 3000 mg/kg, respectively. Lead was less accumulated in the vacuoles and soluble parts of cells, with the least accumulation occurring in the organelles. There was no nsignificant increase in Pb content in these subcellular locations with the increase in soil Pbconcentration. Treatments with different Pb concentrations affected the extractable form of Pb in hemp leaves. The HCl extractable form of Pb, with low activity, was predominant in the leaves. The proportional content of Pb in each form was different in the various parts of the plant. The Pb content of each form in the leaf was Pb HCl(hydrochloric acid)＞Pb E (ethanol)>Pb W (deionized water)>Pb HAc (acetic acid) >Pb NaCl (sodium chloride), indicating that Pb in industrial hemp mainly exists in the form of insoluble oxalate precipitates, thereby alleviating the toxicity of Pb. The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the use of industrial hemp to remediate Pb polluted soils.[3]
Aeration
Stalk
As a general rule, the bast is used for softer applications while the hurd is used for tougher applications.
Decortication is the process of removing the hemp plant's outermost layer, the bark. This can be done mechanically, with a machine that strips the bark off in one pass, or manually, by stripping it off by hand.
Decortication can also be used to process other plant materials, such as flax, jute, and kenaf.
Decortication separates the hurd from the bast by breaking up the stem of the plant. This can be done with a machine that uses spikes or knives, or by hand.
The bast fibers are then separated from the hurd by a process called retting. This can be done chemically, with a solution of water and enzymes, or mechanically, with a machine that strips the bast fibers off of the hurd.
- Fiber
bast: PLASTIC * CLOTHES * ROPE * INSULATION hurd: CONCRETE * WOOD * PAPER * BEDDING
For animals, the hurd is often used as bedding because it is absorbent and doesn't harbor bacteria like straw or hay. As a feed, the hurd is high in fiber but low in nutrients. It is sometimes used as a filler in animal feed mixes.
- Char
- Fuel
Seed
- Foodstuffs
"feed" vs "food"
- Oils
FOODMEDS(edible,topical) * PLASTIC * BIODIESEL
To make biodiesel from hemp, you will need to extract the oil from the plant material. Hemp seeds contain a high percentage of oil, and this oil can be used to make biodiesel.
To make biodiesel from hemp, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Extract the oil from the plant material.
2. Process the oil to remove impurities.
3. Use the processed oil to make biodiesel.
Flower
Application
Energy
An energy yield of 100 GJ/ha/y is associated hemp biomass.[1]
Combustive
Alcohol
Cellulose sugars (mostly in stalk) distill into butanol/ethanol:
The lower lignin and higher cellulose content of cannabis make it an attractive feedstock for bioethanol synthesis. A variety of microbes ... are exploited for biological ethanol production. These microbes ferment sugars derived from lignocellulosics through a subsequently aerobic and anaerobic process.[1]
Oil
Seeds process into Diesel Fuel.
Gas
Entire biomass useful for Pyrolysis.
Electrical
Proof of concept in 201X for carbohydrate "supercapacitor" ==> Biocharger.
Material
Textiles
- Rope
- Canvas
- Clothing
Printing
- Paper
Building
- Concrete
- Lumber
- Plastic
Feeding
- Seed
- Oil
- Milk
Sources
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brar KK, Raheja Y, Chadha BS, Magdouli S, Brar SK, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Koubaa A. A paradigm shift towards production of sustainable bioenergy and advanced products from Cannabis/hemp biomass in Canada. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2022 Mar 19:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-02570-6 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934023/pdf/13399_2022_Article_2570.pdf>
- ↑ Placido, D.F.; Lee, C.C. "Potential of Industrial Hemp for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals." Plants 2022, 11, 595. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050595
- ↑ "Accumulation and sub cellular distribution of lead (Pb) in industrial hemp grown in Pb contaminated soil" Yanping Xu, Gang Deng, Hongyan Guo, Ming Yang, Qinghui Yang; _Industrial Crops and Products_ Volume 161, March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113220